Estudo dos resíduos de aminoácidos de friedelina sintase de Maytenus ilicifolia envolvidos com sua especificidade biossintética
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Data
2017-04-24
Autores
Remlinger, Melissa [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Triterpenos são produtos naturais de plantas estruturalmente complexos com numerosas aplicações medicinais. Como exemplo, friedelina é um triterpeno pentacíclico com atividade gastroprotetora, enquanto que seus derivados quinonametídicos maitenina e pristimerina apresentam promissoras atividades antiinflamatória, antitumoral, antimicrobiana, antimalárica, espermicida e antioxidante. O único triterpeno pentacíclico cetônico formado diretamente na ciclização do oxidoesqualeno é a friedelina. Sua produção se dá a partir da enzima friedelina sintase, uma oxidoesqueleno ciclase que se difere das demais oxidoesqualeno ciclases por estabilizar a ciclização promovida pelo carbocátion formado no sítio catalítico produzindo uma cetona. As oxidoesqualeno ciclases têm o mesmo substrato, porém se diferenciam pela especificidade de seus produtos formados e, por isto, a análise da estrutura primária da friedelina sintase permite estudar sua especificidade pela produção de friedelina. Desta forma, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar o estudo da especificidade da friedelina sintase clonada de Maytenus ilicifolia por meio de mutantes desta enzima. Por meio de análises de docking da molécula de friedelina no sítio ativo da enzima foram observados resíduos de aminoácidos cuja interação poderia se relacionar à produção singular de friedelina. Os mutantes destes resíduos foram então gerados por mutagênese sítiodirigida para avaliar tais interações de acordo com o produto formado heterologamente pelos mutantes expressos em Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Os resíduos estudados e gerados por mutação sítio-dirigida foram: F183L, C369A, W417H, D484E e W612F. Os produtos assim diferencialmente produzidos foram avaliados por cromatografia gasosa acoplada a espectrometria de massas (CG-EM). Assim, foi possível observar que os resíduos D484 e W417 são essenciais para a atividade da enzima, enquanto que os resíduos C369, W612 e F183 são importantes para a especificidade de produto, uma vez que a troca levou a produção de outros compostos terpênicos e/ou também a friedelina. Tais resultados permitiram avaliar resíduos importantes para a biossíntese de friedelina, contribuindo para o entendimento desta singular oxidoesqualeno ciclase.
Triterpenes are natural plant products structurally complex with numerous medicinal applications. As an example, friedelin is a pentacyclic triterpene with gastroprotective activity whereas its quinone methide derivates maytenin and pristimerin present promising anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antimicrobial, antimalarial, spermicidal and antioxidant activities. Friedelin is the only pentacyclic ketone triterpene obtained directly from ciclization of oxidosqualene. Its production occurs from the enzyme friedelin synthase, an oxidosquelene cyclase, which differs from the other oxidosqualene cyclases by stabilizing the cyclization promoted by the carbocation formed at the catalytic site forming a ketone. The oxidosqualene cyclases have the same substrate, but are differentiated by the specificity of their products formed and, therefore, the analysis of the primary structure of friedelin synthase allows to study its specificity by the production of friedelin. Thus, the present work aimed to study the specificity of the friedelin synthase cloned from Maytenus ilicifolia using mutants of the enzyme. Through the analysis of docking of the molecule friedelin in the active site of the enzyme, it was observed amino acids residues whose interation could be related to the unique production of friedelin. Mutants of these residues were generated by site-directed mutagenesis to evaluate such interactions according to the product formed heterologously by the mutants expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Residues studied and generated by site-directed mutation were: F183L, C369A, W417H, D484E and W612F. The products thus differentially produced were evaluated by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) from the expression and production of the mutants using the heterologous S. cerevisiae system. Thus, the residues D484 and W417 are essential for enzyme activity, whereas residues C369, W612 and F183 are important for product specificity, since the exchange led to the production of other terpene compounds and / or also friedelin. These results allowed the evaluation of important residues for the biosynthesis of friedelin, contributing to the understanding of this unique oxidoesqualene cyclase.
Triterpenes are natural plant products structurally complex with numerous medicinal applications. As an example, friedelin is a pentacyclic triterpene with gastroprotective activity whereas its quinone methide derivates maytenin and pristimerin present promising anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antimicrobial, antimalarial, spermicidal and antioxidant activities. Friedelin is the only pentacyclic ketone triterpene obtained directly from ciclization of oxidosqualene. Its production occurs from the enzyme friedelin synthase, an oxidosquelene cyclase, which differs from the other oxidosqualene cyclases by stabilizing the cyclization promoted by the carbocation formed at the catalytic site forming a ketone. The oxidosqualene cyclases have the same substrate, but are differentiated by the specificity of their products formed and, therefore, the analysis of the primary structure of friedelin synthase allows to study its specificity by the production of friedelin. Thus, the present work aimed to study the specificity of the friedelin synthase cloned from Maytenus ilicifolia using mutants of the enzyme. Through the analysis of docking of the molecule friedelin in the active site of the enzyme, it was observed amino acids residues whose interation could be related to the unique production of friedelin. Mutants of these residues were generated by site-directed mutagenesis to evaluate such interactions according to the product formed heterologously by the mutants expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Residues studied and generated by site-directed mutation were: F183L, C369A, W417H, D484E and W612F. The products thus differentially produced were evaluated by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) from the expression and production of the mutants using the heterologous S. cerevisiae system. Thus, the residues D484 and W417 are essential for enzyme activity, whereas residues C369, W612 and F183 are important for product specificity, since the exchange led to the production of other terpene compounds and / or also friedelin. These results allowed the evaluation of important residues for the biosynthesis of friedelin, contributing to the understanding of this unique oxidoesqualene cyclase.
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Palavras-chave
Maytenus ilicifolia, Triterpenos, Friedelina sintase, Análise in silico, Sistema heterólogo