Sequência didática e estratégias de leitura na aprendizagem de produção de texto
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Data
2017-04-28
Autores
Barbosa, Gislene Aparecida da Silva [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Esta pesquisa, vinculada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia de Presidente Prudente, na linha “Processos formativos, ensino e aprendizagem”, e fomentada pela Secretaria Estadual de Educação de São Paulo, tem por objetivo geral investigar a contribuição dos procedimentos pedagógicos Sequência Didática (do grupo genebrino) e Estratégias de Leitura (de influência norte-americana) para a aprendizagem da produção de texto. O problema da pesquisa consiste em avaliar como a junção de ambos os procedimentos favorece a aprendizagem de produção textual do gênero conto por alunos de educação básica, cuja dificuldade com a língua escrita evidencia-se em avaliações externas e em atividades escolares. Os objetivos específicos da pesquisa são: investigar se o domínio do aluno acerca do contexto de produção do gênero textual conto se amplia após o trabalho com os procedimentos pedagógicos Sequência Didática e Estratégias de Leitura; demonstrar como o desenvolvimento de uma Sequência Didática articulado a Estratégias de Leitura colabora para que os alunos desenvolvam conteúdos para o conto; evidenciar de que maneira Estratégias de Leitura ajudam os alunos na ampliação de saberes sobre o planejamento da estrutura do conto e analisar como uma Sequência Didática proporciona aos alunos domínio sobre a linguagem do conto. O procedimento metodológico é a pesquisa-ação, que visa transformar a realidade e produzir conhecimentos relativos a essas transformações. Nesse sentido, a investigação ocorreu na prática docente da pesquisadora, em 66 aulas de Língua Portuguesa (33 encontros), com uma turma composta por 26 alunos de 6º ano do ensino fundamental, em uma escola pública estadual da cidade de Presidente Prudente. A partir das etapas da Sequência Didática – apresentação da situação; produção inicial; módulos; produção final – foram realizadas aulas de produção de texto, a partir de um projeto de escrita de contos para publicação em uma coletânea. Partindo da produção inicial, foi constatada a dificuldade dos alunos com os quatro níveis principais de ação do sujeito na produção textual: ter clareza do destinatário do texto, da finalidade do texto e da própria posição como autor em relação ao gênero textual em foco; elaborar conteúdos que atendam à especificidade do gênero; planejar o texto para atender à estrutura convencional do gênero; escolher a linguagem adequada para realizar o texto. A partir disso, foram construídas e desenvolvidas atividades modulares de intervenção em cada uma das dificuldades encontradas. Considerando que a leitura é um processo de produção de sentidos e que não pode haver produção textual sem a compreensão de textos, as atividades modulares contaram com as Estratégias de Leitura, para que fosse ampliada a interação dos estudantes com o gênero textual conto, favorecendo a alimentação de conteúdos dos textos a serem escritos, bem como o alargamento dos saberes acerca do contexto de produção, da forma e da linguagem no texto. Por último, os alunos revisaram e reescreveram o conto, capitalizando as aquisições construídas durante as atividades aplicadas. Os resultados mostram que na produção final houve avanço dos conhecimentos da turma em todos os níveis de ação do sujeito na produção textual, pois os procedimentos pedagógicos articulados favoreceram as intervenções docentes a fim de que os alunos-autores elaborassem o conto.
This research, related to the Graduate Program in Education of the Presidente Prudente College of Science and Technology, in the line of research “Formative Processes, Teaching and Learning”, and fostered by the São Paulo State Educational System, has as its general aim to investigate the contributions from both pedagogical procedures, Didactic Sequence (from the Genevan group) and Reading Strategies (from a North American trend), in essay writing learning. The research problem lies in the evaluation of how, when put together, the aforementioned procedures further the learning of writing skills towards the short story genre by students in Basic Education, whose struggles with the writing language are made evident through external evaluations and in school activities. The specific objectives of the research are the following: to assess if the students´ skills in writing short stories are enhanced after the work with the pedagogical procedures Didactic Sequence and Reading Strategies; to show how the application of a Didactic Sequence along with Reading Strategies concur in order to make the students develop subjects to the short story; to make noticeable how Reading Strategies help students in widening their knowledges on planning a short story structure; to analyze how a Didactic Sequence provides the students mastery of the short story language. The methodological procedure is the Action Research, which aims to change reality and create knowledges about these changes. Thus, the survey took place during the researcher´s teaching practice, in 66 Portuguese Language lessons (33 meetings), in a class made of 26 students in the Sixth Grade of the Elementary Education, in a public state school in Presidente Prudente town. Based on the Didactic Sequence stages, presentation of circumstances; initial production; workshops; and final production, writing lessons were carried out: a project of short stories writing to be published in a collection. In the initial production, it was found students´ difficulties concerning the four main levels of the subject´s action in writing: awareness about the text´s recipient, about the text´s function, and about the author´s position itself in relation to the text genre in question; the creation of subjects that comply with the specificities of the genre; the planning of the text in order to comply with the genre´s standard structure; the choicer of the proper language when writing the text. From that, modular interventional activities were developed dealing with each one of the difficulties found. Since reading is a process of production of meanings, and since there cannot be writing without the understanding of texts, the modular activities were furthered by Reading Strategies in order to amplify the students´ interaction with the short story genre, favoring the feeding of subjects of the texts to be written, as much as the widening of knowledges related to the writing context, the short story form and the language of the text. At last, the students reviewed and rewrote the short story, profiting from the gains obtained during the applied activities. Results showed that in the final production, when compared to the initial production, there were improvement of the knowledges of the class in all levels of the subject´s action in writing, because the pedagogical procedures when integrated provide the detailed study of each characteristic of a text genre, help in the teacher´s intervention, widen the students´ stock of knowledge, and support the learner´s brainwork, in order to make possible the students-authors to write the short story.
This research, related to the Graduate Program in Education of the Presidente Prudente College of Science and Technology, in the line of research “Formative Processes, Teaching and Learning”, and fostered by the São Paulo State Educational System, has as its general aim to investigate the contributions from both pedagogical procedures, Didactic Sequence (from the Genevan group) and Reading Strategies (from a North American trend), in essay writing learning. The research problem lies in the evaluation of how, when put together, the aforementioned procedures further the learning of writing skills towards the short story genre by students in Basic Education, whose struggles with the writing language are made evident through external evaluations and in school activities. The specific objectives of the research are the following: to assess if the students´ skills in writing short stories are enhanced after the work with the pedagogical procedures Didactic Sequence and Reading Strategies; to show how the application of a Didactic Sequence along with Reading Strategies concur in order to make the students develop subjects to the short story; to make noticeable how Reading Strategies help students in widening their knowledges on planning a short story structure; to analyze how a Didactic Sequence provides the students mastery of the short story language. The methodological procedure is the Action Research, which aims to change reality and create knowledges about these changes. Thus, the survey took place during the researcher´s teaching practice, in 66 Portuguese Language lessons (33 meetings), in a class made of 26 students in the Sixth Grade of the Elementary Education, in a public state school in Presidente Prudente town. Based on the Didactic Sequence stages, presentation of circumstances; initial production; workshops; and final production, writing lessons were carried out: a project of short stories writing to be published in a collection. In the initial production, it was found students´ difficulties concerning the four main levels of the subject´s action in writing: awareness about the text´s recipient, about the text´s function, and about the author´s position itself in relation to the text genre in question; the creation of subjects that comply with the specificities of the genre; the planning of the text in order to comply with the genre´s standard structure; the choicer of the proper language when writing the text. From that, modular interventional activities were developed dealing with each one of the difficulties found. Since reading is a process of production of meanings, and since there cannot be writing without the understanding of texts, the modular activities were furthered by Reading Strategies in order to amplify the students´ interaction with the short story genre, favoring the feeding of subjects of the texts to be written, as much as the widening of knowledges related to the writing context, the short story form and the language of the text. At last, the students reviewed and rewrote the short story, profiting from the gains obtained during the applied activities. Results showed that in the final production, when compared to the initial production, there were improvement of the knowledges of the class in all levels of the subject´s action in writing, because the pedagogical procedures when integrated provide the detailed study of each characteristic of a text genre, help in the teacher´s intervention, widen the students´ stock of knowledge, and support the learner´s brainwork, in order to make possible the students-authors to write the short story.
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Palavras-chave
Produção de texto, Sequência didática, Estratégias de leitura, Conto, Essay writing, Didactic sequence, Reading strategies, Short story