Dificuldades no ensino em biologia celular na escola de educação média: considerações e apontamentos a partir de depoimentos de professores(as)
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Data
2017-03-31
Autores
Tanajura, Vinicius Silva [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A partir de experiências vividas por meio da prática docente, bem como da análise de registros sobre o ensino e aprendizagem dos conteúdos referentes à Biologia em nível celular, é possível a identificação de diversas dificuldades enfrentadas por docentes e estudantes ao longo desse processo. Tais dificuldades variam desde condições estruturais inadequadas das escolas, até problemas relativos à formação daqueles profissionais, políticas públicas referentes à Educação, ou mesmo obstáculos pedagógicos relacionados às estratégias de ensino comumente adotadas. Assim, muitos desses fatores caracterizam-se como desafios a serem superados pelos sujeitos envolvidos em tal processo. Em vista da importância desses conceitos científicos e do insucesso em seu processo ensino-aprendizagem na escola básica, registrado pelas pesquisas da área, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar as principais dificuldades e desafios enfrentados por professores(as) de Biologia de escolas públicas de Ensino Médio do Estado de São Paulo, ao ensinarem conceitos biológicos de nível celular. Os dados que compuseram o corpus desta pesquisa foram gerados a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas com um professor e quatro professoras de Biologia, todos atuantes no Ensino Médio de escolas públicas situadas em duas cidades do interior paulista. A análise do conteúdo dessas entrevistas foi feita sob a perspectiva de Laurence Bardin (1979). Após categorização dos dados, foram identificadas sete categorias referentes à natureza das dificuldades apontadas pelas entrevistas. Os dados revelaram interferências no referido processo oriundas tanto do contexto político-administrativo, como da ação prática docente, que em geral, apresenta-se pouco embasada por resultados de pesquisas científicas da área de Ensino de Ciências e Educação, revelando não ser essa a principal fonte de pesquisa a que professores(as) recorrem pra tentarem superar possíveis obstáculos pedagógicos. Destaca-se também a grande dificuldade imposta pelo caráter dos conceitos estudados e o baixo repertório metodológico e epistemológico para a superação desse tipo de limite, apresentado pelo grupo docente entrevistado. Após essas análises, chama-se a atenção para a urgência em relação a alterações no contexto escolar que resultem em mudanças profundas na qualidade da formação docente e da aprendizagem escolar, especificamente dos conteúdos da Biologia celular.
From the experiences lived through the teaching practice, as well as the analysis of records on the teaching and learning of the contents related to Biology at the cellular level, it is possible to identify several difficulties faced by teachers and students throughout this process. Such difficulties range from inadequate structural conditions in schools, to problems related to the training of those professionals, public policies concerning education, or even pedagogical obstacles related to the teaching strategies commonly adopted. Then, many of these factors are characterized as challenges to be overcome by the subjects involved in such a process. In view of the importance of these scientific concepts and the failure in their teaching-learning process in the basic school, registered by the area's research, This research aimed to identify the main difficulties and challenges faced by Biology teachers of Public Schools of High School in the São Paulo state, teaching biological concepts at the cellular level. The data that composed the corpus of this research were generated from semistructured interviews with a male teacher and four female Biology teachers, all of whom are active in the High School of public schools located in two cities of São Paulo state. The analysis of the content of these interviews was done from the perspective of Laurence Bardin (1979). After categorizing the data, seven categories were identified regarding the nature of the difficulties identified by the interviews. The data revealed interferences in the aforementioned process stemming from both the political-administrative context and the practical teaching action, which in general is not supported by results of scientific research in the area of Science and Education, revealing that this is not the main source of research to which teachers resorts to overcome possible pedagogical obstacles. The great difficulty imposed by the character of the concepts studied and the low methodological repertoire are also highlighted. Epistemological approach to overcome this type of limit, presented by the teacher group interviewed After these analyzes, attention is drawn to the urgency regarding changes in the school context that result in profound changes in the quality of teacher training and school learning, specifically the contents of cellular biology.
From the experiences lived through the teaching practice, as well as the analysis of records on the teaching and learning of the contents related to Biology at the cellular level, it is possible to identify several difficulties faced by teachers and students throughout this process. Such difficulties range from inadequate structural conditions in schools, to problems related to the training of those professionals, public policies concerning education, or even pedagogical obstacles related to the teaching strategies commonly adopted. Then, many of these factors are characterized as challenges to be overcome by the subjects involved in such a process. In view of the importance of these scientific concepts and the failure in their teaching-learning process in the basic school, registered by the area's research, This research aimed to identify the main difficulties and challenges faced by Biology teachers of Public Schools of High School in the São Paulo state, teaching biological concepts at the cellular level. The data that composed the corpus of this research were generated from semistructured interviews with a male teacher and four female Biology teachers, all of whom are active in the High School of public schools located in two cities of São Paulo state. The analysis of the content of these interviews was done from the perspective of Laurence Bardin (1979). After categorizing the data, seven categories were identified regarding the nature of the difficulties identified by the interviews. The data revealed interferences in the aforementioned process stemming from both the political-administrative context and the practical teaching action, which in general is not supported by results of scientific research in the area of Science and Education, revealing that this is not the main source of research to which teachers resorts to overcome possible pedagogical obstacles. The great difficulty imposed by the character of the concepts studied and the low methodological repertoire are also highlighted. Epistemological approach to overcome this type of limit, presented by the teacher group interviewed After these analyzes, attention is drawn to the urgency regarding changes in the school context that result in profound changes in the quality of teacher training and school learning, specifically the contents of cellular biology.
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Palavras-chave
Dificuldades, Conceitos, Nível celular, Ensino de Biologia, Análise de conteúdo, Difficulties, Concepts, Cellular level, Teaching of biology, Content analysis