A erosão periurbana em Rancharia-SP: a análise espaço-temporal e as propostas de recuperação da boçoroca do Córrego do Grito
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2017-07-31
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Esta tese apresenta como objetivo realizar uma análise espacial e temporal da boçoroca do Córrego do Grito, localizada na área do perímetro urbano da cidade de Rancharia-SP e apresentar as propostas de controle desta erosão periurbana. Esta boçoroca apresenta indícios de desenvolvimento que remontam a década de 1960, episódios recentes de danos gerados à infraestrutura urbana e presença de processos erosivos ativos nas margens. Para apresentar uma análise geográfica deste caso de processo erosivo são apresentados aspectos do histórico de uso da terra no município de Rancharia e aspectos físico-geográficos e as mudanças de uso da terra na microbacia do Córrego do Grito e em escala de detalhe as informações cartográficas sobre a boçoroca. Diante deste caso de processo erosivo que se perpetua por cinco décadas, nesta tese são apresentadas informações geográficas detalhadas da boçoroca a partir de dados coletados em levantamentos topográficos com equipamentos geodésicos. Durante vinte e quatro meses foi realizado um monitoramento topográfico de parcelas da boçoroca, onde foi constatada uma erosão de rebordo superior a 1,5 m em quatro pontos e uma média de 0,85 m, em toda a parcela monitorada ocorreu uma perda de 305,9 metros quadrados de área. Em relação às propostas de controle do processo erosivo, foram implantados barramentos com fibra vegetal (Bambusa bambos L.) numa parcela experimental com o monitoramento do nível de solo por meio de pinos de erosão, e a partir de uma análise comparativa sendo constatada uma média de movimentação de solo superior na parcela experimental sem o uso de barramentos. A partir das mensurações dos níveis de movimentação do solo e de dados de densidade do solo foram apresentadas estimativas de perda de solo nas parcelas experimentais. Na área da parcela experimental com barramentos foram plantadas espécies vegetais nativas com o intuito de contribuir na recuperação da área degradada. Neste sentido, a partir de informações geográficas detalhadas sobre a área degradada pela boçoroca do Córrego do Grito, a tese visa contribuir no planejamento de futuras medidas para uma recuperação efetiva desta área em Rancharia. A partir da proposta empírica apresentada nesta tese, são apresentadas formas de se repensar sobre a filosofia de Francis Bacon e suas contribuições na Geografia.
This thesis aims to perform a spatial and temporal analysis of the gully of Grito Stream, located in the urban perimeter of the city of Rancharia, and present the proposals to control this peri-urban erosion. This gully presents evidence of development dating back to the 1960s, recent episodes of damage to urban infrastructure and the presence of active erosive processes at the banks. To present a geographic analysis of this case of erosion process are presented aspects of land use history in the municipality of Rancharia and physical-geographic aspects and land use changes in the watershed of the Grito Stream and in detail scale the cartographical information on the gully. In view of this case of erosive process that is perpetuated for five decades, in this thesis detailed geographic information of the gully is presented from data collected in topographic surveys with geodesic equipment. For twenty-four months, a topographic monitoring of borehole plots was carried out, where a ridge erosion greater than 1.5 m was observed in four points and an average of 0.85 m, in all the monitored plot there was a loss of 305.9 square meters of area. In relation to the erosion process control proposals, buses with plant fiber (Bambusa bambos L.) were implanted in an experimental plot with soil level monitoring by means of erosion pins, and from a comparative analysis there is a greater upper soil movement in the experimental plot without the use of buses. Based on the measurements of soil movement levels and soil density data, estimates of soil loss were presented in the experimental plots. In the area of the experimental plot with barriers native plant species were planted with the intention of contributing to the recovery of the degraded area. In this sense, based on detailed geographic information on the area degraded by the gully of the Grito Stream, the thesis aims to contribute in the planning of future measures for an effective recovery of this area in Rancharia. From the empirical proposal presented in this thesis are presented ways to rethink the philosophy of Bacon and his contributions on Geography.
This thesis aims to perform a spatial and temporal analysis of the gully of Grito Stream, located in the urban perimeter of the city of Rancharia, and present the proposals to control this peri-urban erosion. This gully presents evidence of development dating back to the 1960s, recent episodes of damage to urban infrastructure and the presence of active erosive processes at the banks. To present a geographic analysis of this case of erosion process are presented aspects of land use history in the municipality of Rancharia and physical-geographic aspects and land use changes in the watershed of the Grito Stream and in detail scale the cartographical information on the gully. In view of this case of erosive process that is perpetuated for five decades, in this thesis detailed geographic information of the gully is presented from data collected in topographic surveys with geodesic equipment. For twenty-four months, a topographic monitoring of borehole plots was carried out, where a ridge erosion greater than 1.5 m was observed in four points and an average of 0.85 m, in all the monitored plot there was a loss of 305.9 square meters of area. In relation to the erosion process control proposals, buses with plant fiber (Bambusa bambos L.) were implanted in an experimental plot with soil level monitoring by means of erosion pins, and from a comparative analysis there is a greater upper soil movement in the experimental plot without the use of buses. Based on the measurements of soil movement levels and soil density data, estimates of soil loss were presented in the experimental plots. In the area of the experimental plot with barriers native plant species were planted with the intention of contributing to the recovery of the degraded area. In this sense, based on detailed geographic information on the area degraded by the gully of the Grito Stream, the thesis aims to contribute in the planning of future measures for an effective recovery of this area in Rancharia. From the empirical proposal presented in this thesis are presented ways to rethink the philosophy of Bacon and his contributions on Geography.
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Palavras-chave
Voçoroca, Conservação do solo, Controle de erosão, Empirismo, Francis Bacon, Soil conservation, Erosion control, Empiricism