Avaliação do desempenho de compensados de Pinus taeda submetidos a tratamento térmico e químico
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Data
2017-08-03
Autores
Ferreira, Bruno Santos [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O setor madeireiro tem crescido nos últimos anos no Brasil, visto que o país possui vastas áreas com florestas de reflorestamento. Entretanto, com o passar dos anos, tem crescido a consciência de uma melhor utilização das matérias-primas, inclusive da madeira. Neste contexto, surgem os painéis à base de madeira, os quais utilizam melhor as toras, que podem ser de diferentes dimensões. Dentre estes painéis, destaca-se o compensado laminado, que é um painel produzido com um número ímpar de lâminas de madeira, dispostas perpendicularmente umas às outras com relação a direção da grã. Este painel possui ampla utilização, principalmente na indústria moveleira e na construção civil, podendo ser utilizado em construções do tipo wood frame. Além disso, o compensado necessita passar por algum processo de tratamento contra o ataque de fungos, insetos e intempéries. Assim, este estudo teve o objetivo de analisar a influência de tratamentos preservativos nas propriedades físicas e mecânicas do compensado laminado de Pinus taeda. Para isso, foi realizada a termorretificação, com três diferentes temperaturas (160°C, 180°C e 200°C) e o tratamento químico com CCA. Foram realizados os tratamentos das lâminas antes da produção do compensado e os tratamentos dos painéis já produzidos, sem prévio tratamento das lâminas, com o intuito de avaliar qual forma de tratamento é a mais adequada. Foram realizadas as análises de teor de extrativos totais, molhabilidade das lâminas, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e testes físicos e mecânicos. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que os tratamentos de termorretificação e o tratamento com CCA melhoraram a estabilidade dimensional do painel compensado, devido às alterações químicas ocorridas na madeira. Além disso, ambos os tratamentos diminuíram a resistência mecânica à flexão estática e a qualidade de colagem. Entretanto, todos os tratamentos continuaram a atender as especificações mínimas de órgãos normativos. Com base em todas as análises concluiu-se que a termorretificação do painel a 200°C mostrou-se mais adequada.
The forestry sector has grown recently in Brazil, since the country has vast reforestation fields. However, over the years, there has been growing the consciousness of a better use of raw materials, including wood. In this context arise the wood based panels, which make better use of logs, which may be of different dimensions. Among these panels is highlighted the plywood, which is a panel produced with an odd number of wood veneers arranged perpendicularly to each other with respect to the grain direction. This panel has wide application, especially in the furniture industry and in construction and can be used in wood frame type construction. Besides that, the plywood needs to undergo some treatment process against the attack of fungi, insects and weatherproof. Thus, this study aims to analyze the influence of preservative treatments on physical and mechanical properties of Pinus taeda plywood. To this were performed the heat treatment with three different temperatures (160 °, 180 ° C and 200 ° C) and chemical treatment with CCA. It was carried out the veneers treatments before the production of plywood and the panel treatment, without prior veneers treatment, in order to assess which form of treatment is most appropriate. The analyzes of extractive content, veneers wettability, scanning electron microscopy and physical and mechanical tests were performed. The results showed that the heat treatment and CCA treatment improved the dimensional stability of the plywood due to chemical changes in the wood. In addition, both treatments decreased mechanical strength in static bending and bonding quality. However, all treatments continued to meet the minimum specifications of specialized organs. Based on all the analyzes it was concluded that the heat treatment of the panel at 200°C was more adequate.
The forestry sector has grown recently in Brazil, since the country has vast reforestation fields. However, over the years, there has been growing the consciousness of a better use of raw materials, including wood. In this context arise the wood based panels, which make better use of logs, which may be of different dimensions. Among these panels is highlighted the plywood, which is a panel produced with an odd number of wood veneers arranged perpendicularly to each other with respect to the grain direction. This panel has wide application, especially in the furniture industry and in construction and can be used in wood frame type construction. Besides that, the plywood needs to undergo some treatment process against the attack of fungi, insects and weatherproof. Thus, this study aims to analyze the influence of preservative treatments on physical and mechanical properties of Pinus taeda plywood. To this were performed the heat treatment with three different temperatures (160 °, 180 ° C and 200 ° C) and chemical treatment with CCA. It was carried out the veneers treatments before the production of plywood and the panel treatment, without prior veneers treatment, in order to assess which form of treatment is most appropriate. The analyzes of extractive content, veneers wettability, scanning electron microscopy and physical and mechanical tests were performed. The results showed that the heat treatment and CCA treatment improved the dimensional stability of the plywood due to chemical changes in the wood. In addition, both treatments decreased mechanical strength in static bending and bonding quality. However, all treatments continued to meet the minimum specifications of specialized organs. Based on all the analyzes it was concluded that the heat treatment of the panel at 200°C was more adequate.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Termorretificação, CCA, Painéis de madeira, Qualidade de colagem, Propriedades mecânicas, Heat treatment, Wood panels, Bonding quality, Mechanical properties