Aplicação de água residuária doméstica pelos métodos de aspersão e gotejamento subsuperficial na grama Esmeralda
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Data
2017-08-25
Autores
Mendonça, Rafael Barcelos [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A Zoysia japonica Steud, conhecida com grama esmeralda, é uma das principais gramas comercializadas no Brasil. Essa espécie apresenta boa capacidade de resistência à pisoteio sendo a espécie de grama da maioria dos gramados residenciais brasileiros. A utilização da irrigação para manutenção de gramados é um dos muitos gargalos no uso de água nas cidades. Uma opção para o suprimento de água e nutrientes da grama esmeralda é a utilização da água residuária doméstica, que é rica em nutrientes. Objetivou-se com esse trabalho estudar a lâmina mínima de água que preserve a qualidade visual do gramado, aplicada através dos métodos de irrigação por aspersão e gotejamento subsuperficial. O trabalho foi realizado no Departamento de Solos e Recursos Ambientais da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas de Botucatu – Unesp (Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”). O gramado foi estudado nos períodos do inverno e da primavera, com início em junho de 2016 e finalização em dezembro de 2016. O delineamento experimental adotado foi em blocos casualizados composto por 8 tratamentos e o controle, dispostos em parcelas subdivididas e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram em dois métodos de irrigação (aspersão e gotejamento subsuperficial – parcelas) e quatro lâminas de água residuária doméstica (50%, 100%, 150% e 200% da evapotranspiração média diária – subparcela) e o controle com água tratada fornecida pela Companhia de Saneamento – Sabesp de Botucatu/SP, repondo 100% da evapotranspiração média diária. Foram estudadas as seguintes características: concentração dos nutrientes no solo, massa seca das aparas, quantidade de nutrientes nas aparas, intensidade de cor verde, altura do gramado, tração do gramado, sistema radicular, e taxa de cobertura verde do gramado. Os resultados indicaram que através da aplicação de água residuária doméstica houve um aumento da massa de grama produzida, coloração verde, massa seca, altura e taxa de cobertura do gramado, para ambos os sistemas de irrigação, em vantagem o sistema de gotejamento por não conter contaminação excessiva no tecido vegetal por Escherichia coli.
The Zoysia japônica Steud, known as the emerald grass, is one of the most traded grass in Brazil. This specie show good capacity of trampling resistance being the grass specie from the major Brazilian residential lawns. The irrigation use for lawn maintenance is one of the many neck for water use in the cities. One option for water and nutrients supply of emerald grass is the use of domestic waste water, which is rich in nitrogen. This work aimed to study the minimum water line that preserves the lawn visual quality, applied through sprinkling and subsuperficial dribbling irrigation methods. The work was done at the Soil and Environmental resources department of the Agronomic Science College – UNESP (Sao Paulo state university “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”). The lawn was studied in winter and spring periods, initiating in june/2016 and ending in December/2016. The trail delineation adopted was randomized blocks composed by eight treatments and a control, disposed in subdivided parcels and four repetitions. The treatments consisted in two irrigation methods (sprinkling and subsuperficial dribbling – parcels) and four domestic waste water lines (50%, 100%, 150% and 200% of the daily mean evapotranspiration – subparcel) and the control with treated water supplied by the sanitation company – SABESP of Botucatu – SP, replacing 100% of the daily mean evapotranspiração. It was studied the following characteristics: soil nutrient concentration, shavings dry matter mass, shaving nutrient quantity, green color intensity, lawn height, lawn traction, radicular system, lawn green coverage rate. The results indicate that trough the domestic waste water application, there was an increase in produced lawn mass, green coloration, dry mass, lawn coverage height and rate for both the irrigation systems, leveraging the dribbling system. In dribbling irrigation method there was no excessive contamination in vegetal tissue by Escherichia coli.
The Zoysia japônica Steud, known as the emerald grass, is one of the most traded grass in Brazil. This specie show good capacity of trampling resistance being the grass specie from the major Brazilian residential lawns. The irrigation use for lawn maintenance is one of the many neck for water use in the cities. One option for water and nutrients supply of emerald grass is the use of domestic waste water, which is rich in nitrogen. This work aimed to study the minimum water line that preserves the lawn visual quality, applied through sprinkling and subsuperficial dribbling irrigation methods. The work was done at the Soil and Environmental resources department of the Agronomic Science College – UNESP (Sao Paulo state university “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”). The lawn was studied in winter and spring periods, initiating in june/2016 and ending in December/2016. The trail delineation adopted was randomized blocks composed by eight treatments and a control, disposed in subdivided parcels and four repetitions. The treatments consisted in two irrigation methods (sprinkling and subsuperficial dribbling – parcels) and four domestic waste water lines (50%, 100%, 150% and 200% of the daily mean evapotranspiration – subparcel) and the control with treated water supplied by the sanitation company – SABESP of Botucatu – SP, replacing 100% of the daily mean evapotranspiração. It was studied the following characteristics: soil nutrient concentration, shavings dry matter mass, shaving nutrient quantity, green color intensity, lawn height, lawn traction, radicular system, lawn green coverage rate. The results indicate that trough the domestic waste water application, there was an increase in produced lawn mass, green coloration, dry mass, lawn coverage height and rate for both the irrigation systems, leveraging the dribbling system. In dribbling irrigation method there was no excessive contamination in vegetal tissue by Escherichia coli.
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Palavras-chave
Reuso de água, Manejo de irrigação, Irrigação automatizada, Métodos de irrigação, Gramado ornamental, Water reuse, Irrigation management, Automated irrigation, Irrigation methods, Ornamental lawn