Avaliação e caracterização da biodistribuição de nanopartículas magnéticas pelo encéfalo de ratos, pelo sistema BAC
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Data
2017-02-07
Autores
Moretto, Gustavo Morlin
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A barreira hematoencefálica é o principal obstáculo para que drogas possam chegar até o cérebro e realizar o tratamento de neuropataologias. Além disso, as doenças ligadas ao Sistema Nervoso Central (SNC) são a segunda categoria de doenças potencialmente fatais, ficando atrás apenas de problemas ligados ao sistema cardiovascular. Devido à baixa eficácia que os tratamentos comuns apresentam, o uso de nanomateriais para o tratamento e diagnóstico deste tipo de patologia tem ganhado grande interesse da área acadêmica. Este estudo buscou elucidar parâmetros relacionados à nanopartículas magnéticas (NPMs) no cérebro, assim como os efeitos do manitol – fármaco conhecido por sua ação diurética e grande uso no tratamento de anormalidades na pressão intracraniana - em parâmetros como o tempo de meia-vida das NPMs (T1/2), acúmulo em diferentes órgãos, intensidade máxima de sinal, entre outros. Foram utilizados três grupos de animais que receberam NPMs, sendo que em dois deles a administração das NPMs ocorreu 15 minutos e 30 minutos após a administração do manitol. Os resultados apresentaram diferentes intensidades máximas para cada grupo, assim como um diferente acúmulo de NPMs no baço e no sangue para animais que receberam manitol, indicando alterações causadas por este fármaco em sistemas biológicos. O sistema BAC se mostrou eficaz na detecção de NPMs no cérebro, assim como na posterior análise da biodistribuição destas em organimos vivos. Além disso, os resultados de biodistribuição e tempo de circulação encontrados permitirão estabelecer novas aplicações deste protocolo para implementação de nanopartículas magnéticas como agentes de contraste e carreadores de fármacos no SNC. Este estudo buscou aumentar a possibilidade da aplicação do sistema BAC na caracterização e avaliação de parâmetros farmacocinéticos de NPMs em sistemas biológicos.
The blood-brain barrier is the main obstacle for drugs to reach the brain and treat neuropathologies. In addition, diseases linked to the Central Nervous System (CNS) are the second category of potentially fatal diseases, behind only problems related to the cardiovascular system. Due to the low effectiveness that common treatments present, the use of nanomaterials for the treatment and diagnosis of this type of pathology has gained great interest in the academic area. This study sought to elucidate parameters related to magnetic nanoparticles (NPMs) in the brain, as well as the effects of mannitol - drug known for its diuretic action and great use in the treatment of abnormalities in intracranial pressure - in parameters such as the half-life time of NPMs (T1 / 2), accumulation in different organs, maximum signal intensity, among others. Three groups of animals that received NPMs were used, and in two of them the administration of the NPMs occurred 15 minutes and 30 minutes after the administration of mannitol. The results presented different maximum intensities for each group, as well as a different accumulation of NPMs in the spleen and blood for animals that received mannitol, indicating changes caused by this drug in biological systems. The BAC system proved to be effective in the detection of NPMs in the brain, as well as in the subsequent analysis of the biodistribution of these into living organism. In addition, the results of biodistribution and time of circulation found will allow to establish new applications of this protocol for the implementation of magnetic nanoparticles as contrast agents and carriers of drugs in the CNS. This study aimed to increase the possibility of applying the BAC system in the characterization and evaluation of pharmacokinetic parameters of NPMs in biological systems.
The blood-brain barrier is the main obstacle for drugs to reach the brain and treat neuropathologies. In addition, diseases linked to the Central Nervous System (CNS) are the second category of potentially fatal diseases, behind only problems related to the cardiovascular system. Due to the low effectiveness that common treatments present, the use of nanomaterials for the treatment and diagnosis of this type of pathology has gained great interest in the academic area. This study sought to elucidate parameters related to magnetic nanoparticles (NPMs) in the brain, as well as the effects of mannitol - drug known for its diuretic action and great use in the treatment of abnormalities in intracranial pressure - in parameters such as the half-life time of NPMs (T1 / 2), accumulation in different organs, maximum signal intensity, among others. Three groups of animals that received NPMs were used, and in two of them the administration of the NPMs occurred 15 minutes and 30 minutes after the administration of mannitol. The results presented different maximum intensities for each group, as well as a different accumulation of NPMs in the spleen and blood for animals that received mannitol, indicating changes caused by this drug in biological systems. The BAC system proved to be effective in the detection of NPMs in the brain, as well as in the subsequent analysis of the biodistribution of these into living organism. In addition, the results of biodistribution and time of circulation found will allow to establish new applications of this protocol for the implementation of magnetic nanoparticles as contrast agents and carriers of drugs in the CNS. This study aimed to increase the possibility of applying the BAC system in the characterization and evaluation of pharmacokinetic parameters of NPMs in biological systems.
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Palavras-chave
BAC, Nanopartículas magnéticas, Encéfalo