Caracterização mecânica e microestrutural de um aço de fases complexas (cp) após soldagem a laser.
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Data
2018-02-23
Autores
Dias, Erica Ximenes
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O desenvolvimento dos aços avançados de alta resistência tornou-se fundamental na produção de veículos com peso reduzido, seguros e mais econômicos, dentro do contexto da indústria automobilística. Dentre os aços avançados de alta resistência destacam-se os aços de fases complexas (CP) que são caracterizados por apresentarem alta conformabilidade e alta capacidade de absorção de energia e deformação. Eles são considerados aços multifásicos por apresentarem uma microestrutura complexa formada por ferrita, bainita, martensita e austenita retida e por finos precipitados. O trabalho teve por objetivo fazer uma comparação do aço de fases complexas, mais especificamente o aço CPW-800, com e sem utilização da soldagem a laser, baseado em ensaios mecânicos, tais como de tração; de fadiga axial e de impacto, para analisar as propriedades mecânicas; validar os resultados com uma análise estatística não-paramétrica (teste de Kruskal-Wallis) e realizar um estudo da microestrutura deste material. A partir dos resultados obtidos pode-se concluir se a solda a laser teve uma influência significativa em relação aos ensaios mecânicos realizados. Em relação à superfície fraturada dos ensaios de fadiga axial e impacto, concluiu-se que a mesma possui característica dúctil do material, com a presença de dimples ou alvéolos. Na análise da microestrutura do aço de fases complexas, foi observado contornos de grãos mais refinados e homogêneos e também que as fases claras compõem-se de ferrita/austenita retida e fases escuras de martensita/bainita.
The development of advanced high strength steels has become essential in the production of safe, lightweight and economical vehicles within the context of the automotive industry. Among the advanced high-strength steels, the complex phase steels (CP) are characterized by high formability and high energy absorption and deformation capacity. They are considered multiphase steels because they present a complex microstructure formed by ferrite, bainite, martensite and retained austenite and by fine precipitates. The aim of this work was to compare the steel of complex phases, more specifically CPW-800 steel, with and without the use of laser welding, based on mechanical tests such as traction; of axial and impact fatigue, to analyze the mechanical properties; validate the results with a non-parametric statistical analysis (Kruskal-Wallis test) and perform a study of the microstructure of this material. From the obtained results it is possible to conclude if the laser welding had a significant influence in relation to the mechanical tests performed. In relation to the fractured surface of the axial fatigue and impact tests, it was concluded that it has a ductile characteristic of the material, with the presence of dimples or alveoli. In the analysis of the microstructure of the steel of complex phases, it was observed more refined and homogeneous grain contours and also that the light phases are composed of retained ferrite / austenite and dark martensite / bainite phases.
The development of advanced high strength steels has become essential in the production of safe, lightweight and economical vehicles within the context of the automotive industry. Among the advanced high-strength steels, the complex phase steels (CP) are characterized by high formability and high energy absorption and deformation capacity. They are considered multiphase steels because they present a complex microstructure formed by ferrite, bainite, martensite and retained austenite and by fine precipitates. The aim of this work was to compare the steel of complex phases, more specifically CPW-800 steel, with and without the use of laser welding, based on mechanical tests such as traction; of axial and impact fatigue, to analyze the mechanical properties; validate the results with a non-parametric statistical analysis (Kruskal-Wallis test) and perform a study of the microstructure of this material. From the obtained results it is possible to conclude if the laser welding had a significant influence in relation to the mechanical tests performed. In relation to the fractured surface of the axial fatigue and impact tests, it was concluded that it has a ductile characteristic of the material, with the presence of dimples or alveoli. In the analysis of the microstructure of the steel of complex phases, it was observed more refined and homogeneous grain contours and also that the light phases are composed of retained ferrite / austenite and dark martensite / bainite phases.
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Palavras-chave
Aço de fases complexas., Soldagem a laser., Teste não-paramétrico., Steel complex phases., Laser welding., Nonparametric test.