Cultura organizacional: um estudo em empresas de pequeno porte do setor de agronegócios na região noroeste do Estado de São Paulo
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Data
2018-02-21
Autores
Ferrareze, Rodrigo Roberto
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O conceito de cultura organizacional veio gradualmente tornando-se uma preocupação básica no campo de estudo da administração, conforme os estudos iniciados por Schein (1989), Fleury (1989), Hofstede (1990) e Freitas (1991). Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a cultura organizacional em empresas de pequeno porte do setor de agronegócios na região noroeste do Estado de São Paulo. Para isso, foram trabalhados os conceitos de cultura organizacional, identificados os elementos e as suposições compartilhadas que compõe a realidade cultural e a tipologia de Schein (1989), utilizada para auxiliar na análise das empresas selecionadas. Através da pesquisa qualitativa, por meio da aplicação da pesquisa de campo, foi desenvolvido o questionário semiestruturado e, posteriormente, aplicado em entrevistas em profundidade realizadas com empregados e empregadores. A amostra foi definida através do método de amostragem bola de neve, o qual permitiu o número ideal de 5 empresas e 15 entrevistados, que totalizou mais de 8 horas de áudios e 86 páginas de transcrições. Os dados obtidos foram codificados a partir do processo descrito por Charmaz (2006), utilizando-se do software Maxqda que criou 378 “nós”. Em seguida, os dados foram analisados de acordo com 3 categorias e 9 subcategorias representadas pelos elementos que formam a cultura organizacional. Por fim, foram apresentados diversos mapas que consolidaram as percepções observadas acerca dos aspectos comuns constatados, e que permitiram realizar afirmações acerca das características culturais dessas empresas selecionadas. Com isso, espera-se que esta pesquisa possa contribuir para o entendimento e a reflexão da formação da cultura e seu papel nas organizações de pequeno porte.
The concept of organizational culture has gradually become a basic concern in the field of management study, according to studies initiated by Schein (1989), Fleury (1989), Hofstede (1990) and Freitas (1991). Thus, this study aimed to analyze the organizational culture in small enterprises of the agribusiness sector in the northwest region of the State of São Paulo. For this, the concepts of organizational culture were worked out, the elements and the shared assumptions that make up the cultural reality and the typology of Schein (1989), used to assist in the analysis of the selected companies were identified. Through the qualitative research, through the application of field research, the semi-structured questionnaire was developed and later applied in in-depth interviews with employees and employers. The sample was defined by the snowball sampling method, which allowed the ideal number of 5 companies and 15 respondents, which totaled more than 8 hours of audios and 86 pages of transcripts. The data obtained were coded from the process described by Charmaz (2006), using Maxqda software that created 378 "nodes". Next, the data were analyzed according to 3 categories and 9 subcategories represented by the elements that form the organizational culture. Finally, several maps were presented that consolidated the perceptions observed about the common aspects verified, and that allowed to make affirmations about the cultural characteristics of these selected companies. With this, it is expected that this research can contribute to the understanding and reflection of the formation of culture and its role in small organizations.
The concept of organizational culture has gradually become a basic concern in the field of management study, according to studies initiated by Schein (1989), Fleury (1989), Hofstede (1990) and Freitas (1991). Thus, this study aimed to analyze the organizational culture in small enterprises of the agribusiness sector in the northwest region of the State of São Paulo. For this, the concepts of organizational culture were worked out, the elements and the shared assumptions that make up the cultural reality and the typology of Schein (1989), used to assist in the analysis of the selected companies were identified. Through the qualitative research, through the application of field research, the semi-structured questionnaire was developed and later applied in in-depth interviews with employees and employers. The sample was defined by the snowball sampling method, which allowed the ideal number of 5 companies and 15 respondents, which totaled more than 8 hours of audios and 86 pages of transcripts. The data obtained were coded from the process described by Charmaz (2006), using Maxqda software that created 378 "nodes". Next, the data were analyzed according to 3 categories and 9 subcategories represented by the elements that form the organizational culture. Finally, several maps were presented that consolidated the perceptions observed about the common aspects verified, and that allowed to make affirmations about the cultural characteristics of these selected companies. With this, it is expected that this research can contribute to the understanding and reflection of the formation of culture and its role in small organizations.
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Empresas de Pequeno Porte, Cultura Organizacional, Agronegócios., Organizational culture, Small enterprises, Agribusiness