Concepções de professores alfabetizadores sobre leitura: implicações na formação leitora de seus alunos
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Data
2018-02-28
Autores
Tamura, Ana Lúcia Hermosilla [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Sob a perspectiva dialógica da linguagem, a leitura é compreendida como atribuição de sentido, pois o texto passa a ser o lugar da interação entre os sujeitos que, de forma ativa e dialógica, se constroem e são construídos pelo texto. Subsidiada a essas ideias, esta pesquisa pretendeu responder à seguinte questão: o modo como os professores concebem leitura e suas práticas de ensino implicam numa formação leitora de seus alunos que os levem à leitura como atribuição de sentido em diálogo com o texto? Frente a esse questionamento, essa pesquisa foi empreendida com o objetivo de compreender como quatro professoras de primeiro ano do ensino fundamental I, de uma escola privada, e eu, pesquisadora e coordenadora pedagógica dessa escola, entendemos a leitura e as implicações dessas concepções na formação leitora de nossos alunos. A geração de dados ocorreu por meio do encontro dialogado, registrado em áudio, que se desdobrou em três momentos distintos, bem como por meio da utilização de diário de campo para o registro escrito das narrativas dos protagonistas acerca do referido encontro. Sob uma abordagem qualitativa e subsidiada pelos pressupostos bakhtinianos, a análise de dados compreendeu os eixos: “Concepção de leitura: implicações na formação leitora das protagonistas”; que contemplou as concepções acerca de leitura sob dois referenciais: a perspectiva da decodificação e a perspectiva de atribuição de sentido; “Práticas de leitura em sala de aula: implicações na formação leitora dos alunos”, que compreendeu a formação leitora sob dois referenciais: como prática social e como constructo individual; e “O sujeito aprendiz no processo de ensino da leitura”, que diz respeito à participação do aluno no processo de ensino de leitura no primeiro ano do ensino fundamental I. Tais dados revelaram que as professoras apresentaram uma concepção reducionista da leitura, que pode ter implicações na sua formação leitora, e práticas do ensino de leitura, em sala de aula, que podem implicar na formação leitora do aluno como constructo individual, ao procederem ao ensino da leitura da perspectiva da decodificação. Porém, foram evidenciadas, por parte das professoras, práticas sob a perspectiva dialógica da linguagem que podem implicar a formação leitora do aluno como prática social e sob a compreensão de leitura como atribuição de sentido. Tais práticas foram pautadas no ensino que considera o sujeito dotado de uma atitude responsiva ativa. Entretanto, parte das professoras, por estarem marcadas por uma concepção monológica, ainda adotam práticas sob as quais o sujeito tem poucas possibilidades de dialogar com o texto. Diante desses indícios, retoma-se a importância da formação continuada como oportunidade de ressignificação da concepção de leitura sob a perspectiva de atribuição de sentido, bem como do sujeito aprendiz dotado de atitude responsiva ativa diante da leitura.
From the dialogical perspective of language, reading is understood as attribution of meaning, because the text becomes the place of the interaction between the subjects that, in an active and dialogical way, construct themselves and are constructed by the text. Faced with these ideas, this research aimed to answer the following question: Do the way the teachers conceive of reading and their teaching practices imply a reading formation of their students that leads them to the reading as attribution of meaning? Faced with this questioning, this research was undertaken with the objective of understanding how the four elementary school teachers, from a private school, and I, researcher and pedagogical coordinator of this school, understand the reading and the implications of these conceptions in the reading formation of our students. The generation of data occurred through the dialogue meeting, recorded in audio, as well as through the use of field diary for the written record of the protagonists' narratives about the meeting. Under a qualitative approach and subsidized by the Bakhtinian presuppositions the analysis of data comprised the axes: "Reading conception: implications in the reading formation of the protagonists"; which understood the conceptions about reading under two references: from the perspective of decoding and from the perspective of attribution of meaning; "Reading practices in the classroom: implications in student reading formation”, which contemplated the reading formation under two references: as a social practice and as an individual construct; and "The learner subject in the process of reading teaching", which included the student's participation in the process of reading teaching from the first grade of elementary school. These data revealed that the teachers presented a reductionist conception about the reading, which may have implications in their reading formation. The teachers also presented practices of reading teaching in the classroom that may imply in the student's reading comprehension as an individual construct, as they proceed to teach reading as a decoding. However, practices that may imply the reading formation of the student as a social practice and conception of reading as attribution of meaning were evidenced by demonstrating practices from a dialogical perspective of language. Such practices were based on teaching that considers the subject endowed with an active responsive attitude. On the other hand, because they are marked by a monological conception, they still adopt practices under which the students have few possibilities of dialoguing with the text. In view of these indications, the importance of continuing education as an opportunity for re-signification of the conception of reading from the perspective of attribution of meaning, as well as the student with an active responsive attitude towards reading, it is taken up again.
From the dialogical perspective of language, reading is understood as attribution of meaning, because the text becomes the place of the interaction between the subjects that, in an active and dialogical way, construct themselves and are constructed by the text. Faced with these ideas, this research aimed to answer the following question: Do the way the teachers conceive of reading and their teaching practices imply a reading formation of their students that leads them to the reading as attribution of meaning? Faced with this questioning, this research was undertaken with the objective of understanding how the four elementary school teachers, from a private school, and I, researcher and pedagogical coordinator of this school, understand the reading and the implications of these conceptions in the reading formation of our students. The generation of data occurred through the dialogue meeting, recorded in audio, as well as through the use of field diary for the written record of the protagonists' narratives about the meeting. Under a qualitative approach and subsidized by the Bakhtinian presuppositions the analysis of data comprised the axes: "Reading conception: implications in the reading formation of the protagonists"; which understood the conceptions about reading under two references: from the perspective of decoding and from the perspective of attribution of meaning; "Reading practices in the classroom: implications in student reading formation”, which contemplated the reading formation under two references: as a social practice and as an individual construct; and "The learner subject in the process of reading teaching", which included the student's participation in the process of reading teaching from the first grade of elementary school. These data revealed that the teachers presented a reductionist conception about the reading, which may have implications in their reading formation. The teachers also presented practices of reading teaching in the classroom that may imply in the student's reading comprehension as an individual construct, as they proceed to teach reading as a decoding. However, practices that may imply the reading formation of the student as a social practice and conception of reading as attribution of meaning were evidenced by demonstrating practices from a dialogical perspective of language. Such practices were based on teaching that considers the subject endowed with an active responsive attitude. On the other hand, because they are marked by a monological conception, they still adopt practices under which the students have few possibilities of dialoguing with the text. In view of these indications, the importance of continuing education as an opportunity for re-signification of the conception of reading from the perspective of attribution of meaning, as well as the student with an active responsive attitude towards reading, it is taken up again.
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Palavras-chave
Leitura, Ensino de leitura, Formação de leitores, Atribuição de sentido, Reading, Reading teaching, Reader formation, Attribution of meaning