Influência do Shot-Peening e da anodização crômica na resistência à fadiga da liga de alumínio 7475-T7351
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Data
2018-02-22
Autores
Castro, Valéria Alves de
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A influência do Shot-Peening e da anodização na resistência à fadiga vem sendo estudada ao longo dos anos, pois são processos amplamente utilizados nas indústrias, em especial na aeronáutica. A análise desse comportamento é extremamente necessária, pois as peças de aeronaves sofrem esforços cíclicos e são expostas ao ambiente corrosivo, que além de reduzir o ciclo de vida, são também prejudiciais à segurança de voo. Em função disso os materiais devem ter boa resistência à fadiga e à corrosão. Para melhorar essas propriedades são aplicados os processos de Shot-Peening e anodização, contudo é essencial que os parâmetros e materiais sejam estudados e ensaiados a fim de se obter um resultado efetivo. Em vista disso, esta pesquisa tem por objetivo avaliar a influência do Shot-Peening e da anodização crômica na resistência à fadiga do alumínio 7475-T7351. O ensaio de fadiga foi realizado com carga axial, frequência de 20 Hz e razão de carga 0,1. A intensidade Almen foi de 0.006 A - 0.010 A e as esferas do jateamento foram de aço. Os resultados dos ensaios das amostras com Shot-Peening seguido de anodização crômica apresentaram redução na resistência à fadiga. Essa redução foi atribuída às tensões residuais de tração e as características da camada de óxido geradas pela anodização e aos parâmetros do Shot-Peening que não induziu tensão residual de compressão o suficiente para retardar a propagação das trincas. O aumento da rugosidade, que é inerente ao processo de Shot-Peening, trabalhou como concentrador de tensão na superfície, intensificando a nucleação e propagação das trincas. No entanto, para as baixas tensões o Shot-Peening minimizou o efeito negativo causado pela anodização crômica. Com isso é possível afirmar que é primordial testar os materiais com diferentes parâmetros de Shot-Peening e avaliar seus efeitos para coletar uma base consolidada e evitar acidentes decorrentes de falha prematura de fadiga.
The influence of Shot-Peening and anodization on the fatigue strength has been studied over the years because these processes are broadly used in industries, especially in aeronautics. The analysis of this behavior is extremely necessary due the cyclic loading of the parts and exposure to corrosive environment, which in addition to reducing the life cycle of an aircraft are also detrimental to flight safety. Due to this, the materials must have good fatigue strength and corrosion resistance. To improve these properties, the Shot-Peening and anodization processes are applied, however it is essential that the parameters and materials be studied and tested in order to obtain an effective result. Therefore, this research has the objective of evaluating the influence of Shot-Peening and chromic anodization on the fatigue strength of 7475-T7351 aluminum alloy. The fatigue test was performed with axial load, frequency of 20 Hz and load ratio 0.1. The Almen intensity was 0.006 A - 0.010 A and the material of spheres was steel. The results of the Shot-Peening specimens followed by chromic anodization treatment show a reduction of the fatigue strength. This reduction is due to residual tensile stress and the characteristics of the oxide layer generated by the anodization treatment and to the Shot-Peening parameters that did not induce residual compression stress enough to delay the crack propagation. The increased roughness, which is inherent in the process, has worked as a stress concentrator on the surface, enhancing the nucleation and propagation of cracks. However, for the low tensions the Shot-Peening minimizes the negative effect caused by the chromic anodization treatment. Therefore, it is possible to affirm that it is essential to test the materials with different parameters of Shot-Peening and evaluate its effects to collect a consolidated base and avoid accidents due to premature fatigue failure.
The influence of Shot-Peening and anodization on the fatigue strength has been studied over the years because these processes are broadly used in industries, especially in aeronautics. The analysis of this behavior is extremely necessary due the cyclic loading of the parts and exposure to corrosive environment, which in addition to reducing the life cycle of an aircraft are also detrimental to flight safety. Due to this, the materials must have good fatigue strength and corrosion resistance. To improve these properties, the Shot-Peening and anodization processes are applied, however it is essential that the parameters and materials be studied and tested in order to obtain an effective result. Therefore, this research has the objective of evaluating the influence of Shot-Peening and chromic anodization on the fatigue strength of 7475-T7351 aluminum alloy. The fatigue test was performed with axial load, frequency of 20 Hz and load ratio 0.1. The Almen intensity was 0.006 A - 0.010 A and the material of spheres was steel. The results of the Shot-Peening specimens followed by chromic anodization treatment show a reduction of the fatigue strength. This reduction is due to residual tensile stress and the characteristics of the oxide layer generated by the anodization treatment and to the Shot-Peening parameters that did not induce residual compression stress enough to delay the crack propagation. The increased roughness, which is inherent in the process, has worked as a stress concentrator on the surface, enhancing the nucleation and propagation of cracks. However, for the low tensions the Shot-Peening minimizes the negative effect caused by the chromic anodization treatment. Therefore, it is possible to affirm that it is essential to test the materials with different parameters of Shot-Peening and evaluate its effects to collect a consolidated base and avoid accidents due to premature fatigue failure.
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Palavras-chave
Fadiga, Anodização, Shot-Peening, Alumínio, Fatigue, Anodizing, Aluminum, Aeronaves, Materiais - Fadiga