Caracterização do sistema rotacional amendoim – cana-de-açúcar e avaliação do consórcio amendoim – sorgo – girassol, visando ao controle de ácaros-pragas
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Data
2018-03-02
Autores
Rodríguez Rivero, Yoandry
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
No Brasil, diversos ácaros-praga podem atacar a cultura do amendoim (Arachis hypogaea), sendo responsáveis por significativas perdas na produtividade. Na tentativa de avaliar as estratégias de controle biológico conservativo dessas pragas, foi realizado uma caracterizção do sistema de cultivo de amendoim em sucessão com cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum officinarum), cana-soca e cana-planta, em uma área comercial, e uma comparação entre dois sistemas de plantios, um consorciado com sorgo (Sorghum bicolor) e girassol (Helianthus annuus) e o outro convencional, em parcelas experimentais, ambos no município de Jaboticabal-SP, Brasil. O levantamento e coleta das espécimes de artrópodes na cultura do amendoim foi realizado por meio de observações a campo e instalação de armadilhas entomológicas. Além disso, foram avaliadas as doenças fúngicas e plantas espontâneas na cultura, por sua incidência direta na produtividade. Também se avaliaram culturas como o feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris) e a soja (Glycine max), comuns na região, assim como cercas vivas de sansão-do-campo (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia). Quanto à análise entomofaunística das áreas, os dados foram processados com o programa AnaFau e as análises de variância com STATISTICA, versão 6. O sistema consorciado apresentou menor ocorrência de artrópodes-pragas do amendoim. Embora os valores da diversidade de espécies em ambos os plantios foram próximos, o consorciado teve maior riqueza de espécies, incluindo inimigos naturais. Destes últimos, foi demostrado que Zelus illotus, nas fases estudadas, independentemente de apresentar dominância nas áreas, não preda o ácaro Tetranychus ogmophallos. Com exceção do amendoim, nenhuma planta avaliada foi hospedeira de T. ogmophallos, sendo as altas densidades de amendoim tiguera em cana planta o principal fator de estabelecimento e dispersão dos ácaros e de outras pragas para a cultura na região. Estes resultados são úteis para a melhoria contínua dos programas de renovação de canaviais com a cultura do amendoim.
In Brazil, many pest mites can attack crops of peanuts (Arachis hypogaea), being responsible for significative losses in productivity. To evaluate the strategies of conservative biological control of these pests, a characterization of the sowing system of peanuts in rotation with sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), in ratoon cycle and plant cane, in a commercial area, and a comparative between two sowing systems, one intercropped with sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and sunflower (Helianthus annus) and other conventional, in experimental plots, were performed in the municipality of Jaboticabal-SP, Brazil. The survey and sampling of arthropod species in the peanut crop was performed through field observations and entomologic traps in the field. Furthermore, the ocurrence fungic diseases and weeds were evaluated in the crop, due to their direct impact on productivity. Crops as bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and soybean (Glycine max), commons in the region, as the hedge plant sansão-do-campo (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia) were also evaluated. For the faunistic analysis, the data was processed using the Software Anafau and the variance analysis using the software STATISTICA, version 6. The intercropping system presented the lower occurrence of pest arthropods in the peanut crop. Although the diversity values of diversity in both sowing system were near, the intercropping system presented higher species richness, including natural enemies. Among those, it was shown that Zelus illotus, in the stages studied, do not prey on Tetranychus ogmophallos. With the exception of peanuts, none of the other evaluated plants hosted T. ogmophallos, being the volunteer peanut in plant cane the responsible for the establishment and dispersal of mites and other peanut pests in the region. The results are important for the continuous improvement of rotation systems on sugarcane crops.
In Brazil, many pest mites can attack crops of peanuts (Arachis hypogaea), being responsible for significative losses in productivity. To evaluate the strategies of conservative biological control of these pests, a characterization of the sowing system of peanuts in rotation with sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), in ratoon cycle and plant cane, in a commercial area, and a comparative between two sowing systems, one intercropped with sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and sunflower (Helianthus annus) and other conventional, in experimental plots, were performed in the municipality of Jaboticabal-SP, Brazil. The survey and sampling of arthropod species in the peanut crop was performed through field observations and entomologic traps in the field. Furthermore, the ocurrence fungic diseases and weeds were evaluated in the crop, due to their direct impact on productivity. Crops as bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and soybean (Glycine max), commons in the region, as the hedge plant sansão-do-campo (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia) were also evaluated. For the faunistic analysis, the data was processed using the Software Anafau and the variance analysis using the software STATISTICA, version 6. The intercropping system presented the lower occurrence of pest arthropods in the peanut crop. Although the diversity values of diversity in both sowing system were near, the intercropping system presented higher species richness, including natural enemies. Among those, it was shown that Zelus illotus, in the stages studied, do not prey on Tetranychus ogmophallos. With the exception of peanuts, none of the other evaluated plants hosted T. ogmophallos, being the volunteer peanut in plant cane the responsible for the establishment and dispersal of mites and other peanut pests in the region. The results are important for the continuous improvement of rotation systems on sugarcane crops.
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Palavras-chave
Ácaros tetraniquídeos, Canavial, Controle biológico, Plantas daninhas, Tetranychidae mites, Sugarcane crops, Biological control, Weeds