O Acordo do Aquífero Guarani e a ótica da integração regional
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Data
2018-03-14
Autores
Leite, Maria Luísa Telarolli de Almeida [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Esta dissertação se propôs a analisar o histórico e os desdobramentos da assinatura do Acordo do Aquífero Guarani (2010), no âmbito do MERCOSUL. A pesquisa buscou pensar se é possível tratar o meio ambiente – mais especificamente a água, devido a sua já reconhecida importância como fonte de conflito e cooperação – como um dos eixos de ação conjunta entre os países por meio de sua gestão compartilhada. Sendo este um tema relevante, foram analisados quais os progressos alcançados nesse sentido e sua relação com ótica da integração entre países que possuem reservas hídricas compartilhadas extremamente ricas e de interesse não apenas regional, mas também mundial, uma vez que a escassez desses recursos se faz presente no dia a dia de diversas populações ao redor do globo. Em suma, a pesquisa teve como fulcro observar em que medida o projeto de integração do MERCOSUL facilitaria ou não a cooperação na gestão do recurso hídrico. Pretendeu-se analisar a governança internacional engendrada no acordo do Aquífero Guarani, o que pressupõe a criação de estruturas supranacionais e extrapola os limites que caracterizam o MERCOSUL do modo como foi concebido, enquanto projeto intergovernamental. Ademais, foi interesse desta dissertação refletir também sobre o modo como a concepção do acordo do Aquífero, embora secundária em relação ao perfil comercial dominante do bloco, poderia ser um estímulo ao aprofundamento da integração entre os países, questão que é debatida, mas aguarda ainda ações mais concretas para sua efetivação.
The study aimed to analyze the history and developments of the signing of the Guarani Aquifer Agreement (2010) within the scope of Mercosur. The research sought to ponder whether it was possible to treat the environment – more specifically water resources, due to their recognized importance as a source of both conflict and cooperation – as one of the axes of joint action between the Mercosur countries through their shared management. Indisputably a relevant theme, the study looked into what progress has been achieved in the cooperative direction, from the perspective of the integration between countries that have extremely rich water reserves and of both regional and worldwide interests, for the scarcity of these reserves is present in the day-to-day life of diverse populations around the globe. In sum, the research focused on evaluating the extent to which the Mercosur integration project would facilitate the cooperation to carry out the water resource management. The intention was to analyze the international governance generated in the Guarani Aquifer Agreement, for it presupposes the creation of supranational structures and goes beyond the limits that characterize the Mercosur in the way it was conceived as an intergovernmental project. In addition, the scope of this project has included pondering how the design of the aquifer agreement, although of minor importance in relation to the dominant commercial profile of the block, could foster deeper integration between the countries, though a controversial issue, it still awaits more concrete actions for their implementation.
The study aimed to analyze the history and developments of the signing of the Guarani Aquifer Agreement (2010) within the scope of Mercosur. The research sought to ponder whether it was possible to treat the environment – more specifically water resources, due to their recognized importance as a source of both conflict and cooperation – as one of the axes of joint action between the Mercosur countries through their shared management. Indisputably a relevant theme, the study looked into what progress has been achieved in the cooperative direction, from the perspective of the integration between countries that have extremely rich water reserves and of both regional and worldwide interests, for the scarcity of these reserves is present in the day-to-day life of diverse populations around the globe. In sum, the research focused on evaluating the extent to which the Mercosur integration project would facilitate the cooperation to carry out the water resource management. The intention was to analyze the international governance generated in the Guarani Aquifer Agreement, for it presupposes the creation of supranational structures and goes beyond the limits that characterize the Mercosur in the way it was conceived as an intergovernmental project. In addition, the scope of this project has included pondering how the design of the aquifer agreement, although of minor importance in relation to the dominant commercial profile of the block, could foster deeper integration between the countries, though a controversial issue, it still awaits more concrete actions for their implementation.
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Palavras-chave
MERCOSUL, Aquífero Guarani, Governança, Gestão, MERCOSUR, Guarani Aquifer, Governance, Management