Transporte de 5-fluorouracil por nanopartículas de ouro funcionalizados com anticorpos contra receptores de fatores de crescimento epidérmico (EGFR e HER2)
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Data
2018-04-26
Autores
Liszbinski, Raquel Bester
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O câncer colorretal (CCR) é o terceiro tipo mais prevalente de câncer no mundo, com frequentes complicações metastáticas muitas vezes associadas ao desenvolvimento de resistência adquirida aos fármacos. Uma das estratégias terapêuticas utilizadas no tratamento de pacientes que não respondem bem à quimioterapia convencional é a imunoterapia baseada na aplicação de anticorpos monoclonais cetuximab ou panitumumab, ambos dirigidos ao receptor do fator de crescimento epidérmico (EGFR). Em alguns casos observa-se associação da resistência aos anticorpos com a superexpressão de HER2, outro membro da família do EGFR. Assim, esta dissertação foi elaborada para testar a hipótese de que o uso conjunto de anticorpos anti-EGFR e anti-HER será capaz de reduzir o escape das células tumorais e que a associação com fármacos antitumorais tornará mais efetiva sua eliminação. Com esse propósito, nosso objetivo foi utilizar nanopartículas ouro (AuNP) para o transporte de 5-fluorouracil (5FU), endereçando esses nanocarreadores para as células de câncer colorretal recobrindo-os com anticorpos contra os receptores para fator de crescimento epidérmico EGFR (ErbB-1) e HER2 (ErbB-2). Os nanocarreadores foram testados in vitro quanto a sua interação por células de câncer colorretal HCT-116 e Caco-2 por citometria de fluxo, sua capacidade de induzir apoptose/necrose e seu efeito sobre a atividade proliferativa das células testadas. Nossos dados indicam que as AuNP produzidas e funcionalizadas com as moléculas de interesse possuem estrutura esférica, no entanto, algumas formulações apresentaram aglomeração devido a incorporação das moléculas orgânicas. Os ensaios biológicos mostraram que a AuNP 5FU EGFR teve efeito significativo na atividade citotóxica pela via apoptótica recente quando as células foram expostas à maior concentração testada, independentemente do tempo de exposição. Consequentemente, a proliferação celular foi cessada neste mesmo tratamentos e ambos os fenômenos foram observados de forma mais evidente na linhagem Caco-2, inclusive demonstrando efeito superior ao quimioterápico na forma livre.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent type of cancer in worldwide and is frequently associated with metastatic complications. Therapeutic strategies to treat those patients who do not respond to conventional chemotherapy is based on the application of monoclonal antibodies cetuximab or panitumumab, both directed targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). However, in some cases resistance is associated with an overexpression of HER2, another receptor belonging to the EGFR family. Therefore, this dissertation was designed to test the hypothesis that the combination of anti-EGFR and anti-HER antibodies will be able to reduce the escape of tumor cells, and that their association with antitumor drugs could improve the elimination of tumor cells. Then, our goal was to use gold nanoparticles (AuNP) for transporting 5-fluorouracil (5FU), addressing them to colorectal cancer cells by coating them with antibodies against the receptors of epidermal growth factor EGFR (ErbB-1) and HER2 (ErbB-2). Nanocarriers were tested in vitro by flow cytometry for their interaction and internalization by the colorectal cancer cell line HCT-116 and Caco-2, their ability to induce apoptosis/necrosis and stop cell proliferation. Our results show that AuNP produced and functionalized with the molecules of interest have spherical structure, however, some formulations showed agglomeration due to the incorporation of organic molecules. Biological assays showed that AuNP 5FU EGFR had a significant effect on cytotoxic activity by the recent apoptotic pathway when cells were exposed to the highest concentration tested independently of the time of exposure. As a result, cell proliferation was stopped at this same treatment and both phenomena were observed most clearly in the Caco-2 cell line, including demonstrating superior effect to chemotherapy in free form.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent type of cancer in worldwide and is frequently associated with metastatic complications. Therapeutic strategies to treat those patients who do not respond to conventional chemotherapy is based on the application of monoclonal antibodies cetuximab or panitumumab, both directed targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). However, in some cases resistance is associated with an overexpression of HER2, another receptor belonging to the EGFR family. Therefore, this dissertation was designed to test the hypothesis that the combination of anti-EGFR and anti-HER antibodies will be able to reduce the escape of tumor cells, and that their association with antitumor drugs could improve the elimination of tumor cells. Then, our goal was to use gold nanoparticles (AuNP) for transporting 5-fluorouracil (5FU), addressing them to colorectal cancer cells by coating them with antibodies against the receptors of epidermal growth factor EGFR (ErbB-1) and HER2 (ErbB-2). Nanocarriers were tested in vitro by flow cytometry for their interaction and internalization by the colorectal cancer cell line HCT-116 and Caco-2, their ability to induce apoptosis/necrosis and stop cell proliferation. Our results show that AuNP produced and functionalized with the molecules of interest have spherical structure, however, some formulations showed agglomeration due to the incorporation of organic molecules. Biological assays showed that AuNP 5FU EGFR had a significant effect on cytotoxic activity by the recent apoptotic pathway when cells were exposed to the highest concentration tested independently of the time of exposure. As a result, cell proliferation was stopped at this same treatment and both phenomena were observed most clearly in the Caco-2 cell line, including demonstrating superior effect to chemotherapy in free form.
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Palavras-chave
Câncer colorretal, 5-fluorouracil, nanopartículas de ouro, nanocarreadores, anticorpos monoclonais, colorectal cancer, gold nanoparticles, nanocarries, monoclonal antibodies