Seleção e depressão por endogamia para a cultivar de mamona FCA-PB, em progênies obtidas por diferentes métodos de polinização
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2018-07-18
Autores
Silva, Jackson da
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A mamona (Ricinus communis) está presente em inúmeras aplicações na área industrial e na produção de biodiesel, tendo assim, relevante importância econômica. Contudo, no ano de 2017, o Brasil apresentou produtividade de 470 kg ha-1, muito aquém do seu real potencial, devido à falta de genótipos adaptados a cada região produtora. A síntese de híbridos produtivos passa pela obtenção de linhagens puras com o mínimo de endogamia, para maior exploração do vigor de híbrido, que proporcionam plantas mais uniformes e mais produtivas. Assim, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo estimar a depressão por endogamia em progênies obtidas por autofecundação, polinização cruzada e polinização livre advindas do cultivar de mamona FCA-PB. Os experimentos foram implantados em delineamento em blocos casualizados, no esquema fatorial 90 x 2 x 2, sendo 90 progênies advindas de três tipos de polinização, em 2 ambientes (São Manuel e Araçatuba) e em 2 safras (2004/2005 e 2005/2006), e no esquema fatorial 30 x 3, sendo 30 progênies e 3 tipos de polinização, em 2 ambientes e em 2 safras, com três repetições. Com relação à safra 2005/2006, a progênie 49 cultivada no município de São Manuel produziu 4171 kg ha-1 de grãos, podendo o seu desempenho ser explicado pelo tipo de fecundação que foi originada, polinização cruzada, sendo este método o que ocasiona no maior nível de heterose. Na avaliação da depressão por endogamia verificou-se que a polinização cruzada apresentou maior produtividade de grãos e menor coeficiente de endogamia. Por outro lado, a menor produtividade foi observada na autopolinização, a qual obteve maior coeficiente de endogamia. Considerando o potencial produtivo das 20 % melhores progênies, podem ser selecionadas as progênies 1, 5, 6, 8, 15, 18, 19, 21, 27, 31, 35, 36, 38, 45, 49, 55, 56 e 58. Verificou-se também, que o coeficiente de endogamia na produtividade apresenta comportamento inversamente proporcional.
Castor bean (Ricinus communis) is present in numerous applications in the industrial area and in the production of biodiesel, having thus, relevant economic importance. However, in the year 2017, Brazil presented productivity of 470 kg ha-1, far short of its real potential, due to the lack of genotypes adapted to each producing region. The synthesis of productive hybrids passes through the obtaining of pure lineages with the minimum of endogamy, for greater exploitation of hybrid vigor, which provide more uniform and more productive plants. Thus, the present study aimed to estimate depression by inbreeding in progenies obtained by self-fertilization, cross pollination and free pollination from the cultivar of castor bean FCA-PB. The experiments were in a randomized block design, in the factorial scheme 90 x 2 x 2, being 90 progenies coming from three types of pollination, in 2 environments and 2 crops, and in the factorial scheme 30 x 3, being 30 progenies and 3 types of pollination, in 2 environments (São Manuel and Araçatuba) and in 2 crops (2004/2005 and 2005/2006), with three replications. In relation to the 2005/2006 crop, the progeny 49 grown in the municipality of São Manuel produced 4171 kg ha-1 of grains, and its performance can be explained by the type of fertilization that originated, cross pollination, being this method that causes in the greater level of heterosis. In the assessment of inbreeding depression it has been found that cross pollination presented greater productivity of grain and lower coefficient of inbreeding. On the other hand, the lower productivity was observed in self-pollination, which obtained higher coefficient of inbreeding. Considering the productive potential of the 20 % best progenies, can be selected the progenies 1, 5, 6, 8, 15, 18, 19, 21, 27, 31, 35, 36, 38, 45, 49, 55, 56 and 58. It was verified also, that the coefficient of inbreeding in productivity presents inversely proportional behavior.
Castor bean (Ricinus communis) is present in numerous applications in the industrial area and in the production of biodiesel, having thus, relevant economic importance. However, in the year 2017, Brazil presented productivity of 470 kg ha-1, far short of its real potential, due to the lack of genotypes adapted to each producing region. The synthesis of productive hybrids passes through the obtaining of pure lineages with the minimum of endogamy, for greater exploitation of hybrid vigor, which provide more uniform and more productive plants. Thus, the present study aimed to estimate depression by inbreeding in progenies obtained by self-fertilization, cross pollination and free pollination from the cultivar of castor bean FCA-PB. The experiments were in a randomized block design, in the factorial scheme 90 x 2 x 2, being 90 progenies coming from three types of pollination, in 2 environments and 2 crops, and in the factorial scheme 30 x 3, being 30 progenies and 3 types of pollination, in 2 environments (São Manuel and Araçatuba) and in 2 crops (2004/2005 and 2005/2006), with three replications. In relation to the 2005/2006 crop, the progeny 49 grown in the municipality of São Manuel produced 4171 kg ha-1 of grains, and its performance can be explained by the type of fertilization that originated, cross pollination, being this method that causes in the greater level of heterosis. In the assessment of inbreeding depression it has been found that cross pollination presented greater productivity of grain and lower coefficient of inbreeding. On the other hand, the lower productivity was observed in self-pollination, which obtained higher coefficient of inbreeding. Considering the productive potential of the 20 % best progenies, can be selected the progenies 1, 5, 6, 8, 15, 18, 19, 21, 27, 31, 35, 36, 38, 45, 49, 55, 56 and 58. It was verified also, that the coefficient of inbreeding in productivity presents inversely proportional behavior.
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Palavras-chave
Ricinus communis, Melhoramento genético, Mamoneira, Estabilidade fenotípica, Coeficiente de endogamia, Distribuição de frequência, Breeding, Castor bean, Phenotypic stability, Coefficient of inbreeding, Frequency distribution