Avaliação de técnicas de remediação em processos de contaminação da água e do solo por hidrocarbonetos
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Data
2018-06-22
Autores
Cardoso, José Eduardo Taddei
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
No Brasil, a contaminação por hidrocarbonetos da água subterrânea e do solo, em especial, por óleo diesel e a pela gasolina, têm sido alvo de diversas pesquisas, devido ao grande número de áreas de contaminação e a complexidade dos fenômenos de interação com o solo. Essa contaminação pode ocorrer por derramamentos acidentais, por evaporação e na grande maioria, pela corrosão dos tanques subterrâneos. Para minimizar tais efeitos e atender as demandas ambientais, diversas técnicas de remediação podem ser empregadas. Neste sentido, este trabalho busca avaliar as técnicas de remediação aplicadas para conter a contaminação por hidrocarbonetos em água subterrânea e solo em postos de combustíveis do Estado de São Paulo, através da revisão de técnicas de remediação e da compilação de estudos de casos. Estes estudos foram desenvolvidos nas cidades de Itaporanga, Itaí, Taguaí, Cachoeira Paulista, Caraguatatuba, Avaré, Santo André e São Sebastião com a aplicação das seguintes técnicas de remediação: Biorremediação, Bombeamento e Tratamento, Remoção de Gases, Extração de Vapores do Solo (SVE) e Extração Multifásica (MPE). Os principais resultados mostram que as técnicas de remediação utilizadas em todos os casos apresentaram resultados satisfatórios conseguindo remover grande parte dos contaminantes na fase livre atenuando também na fase dissolvida. Em alguns casos analisados, a associação de técnicas como injeção de Ar no Solo (AS), Extração de Vapores do Solo, Extração Multifásica e Biorremediação proporcionaram aumento de potencial e consequente diminuição do tempo da remedição.
In Brazil, the contamination by hydrocarbons of groundwater and soil, in particular by diesel oil and by gasoline, has been the subject of several surveys, due to the large number of contamination areas and the complexity of soil interaction phenomena. This contamination can be caused by accidental spills, by evaporation and in the great majority by the corrosion of the underground tanks. To minimize such effects and meet environmental demands, various remediation techniques may be employed. In this sense, this work tries to evaluate the remediation techniques applied to contain the contamination by hydrocarbons in groundwater and soil in fuel stations of the State of São Paulo, through the revision of remediation techniques and the compilation of case studies. These studies were carried out in the cities of Itaporanga, Itaí, Taguaí, Cachoeira Paulista, Caraguatatuba, Avaré, Santo André and São Sebastião with the application of the following remediation techniques: Bioremediation, Pumping and Treatment, Gas Removal, Soil Vapor Extraction EVS) and Multiphase Extraction (MPE). The main results show that the remediation techniques used in all cases presented satisfactory results, being able to remove much of the contaminants in the free phase, also attenuating in the dissolved phase. In some cases, the association of techniques such as soil air injection (AS), soil vapor extraction, multiphase extraction and bioremediation have led to an increase in potential and consequent reduction of remediation time.
In Brazil, the contamination by hydrocarbons of groundwater and soil, in particular by diesel oil and by gasoline, has been the subject of several surveys, due to the large number of contamination areas and the complexity of soil interaction phenomena. This contamination can be caused by accidental spills, by evaporation and in the great majority by the corrosion of the underground tanks. To minimize such effects and meet environmental demands, various remediation techniques may be employed. In this sense, this work tries to evaluate the remediation techniques applied to contain the contamination by hydrocarbons in groundwater and soil in fuel stations of the State of São Paulo, through the revision of remediation techniques and the compilation of case studies. These studies were carried out in the cities of Itaporanga, Itaí, Taguaí, Cachoeira Paulista, Caraguatatuba, Avaré, Santo André and São Sebastião with the application of the following remediation techniques: Bioremediation, Pumping and Treatment, Gas Removal, Soil Vapor Extraction EVS) and Multiphase Extraction (MPE). The main results show that the remediation techniques used in all cases presented satisfactory results, being able to remove much of the contaminants in the free phase, also attenuating in the dissolved phase. In some cases, the association of techniques such as soil air injection (AS), soil vapor extraction, multiphase extraction and bioremediation have led to an increase in potential and consequent reduction of remediation time.
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Palavras-chave
Hidrocarbonetos, Postos de combustíveis, Remediação, Hydrocarbons, Gas stations, Remediation