Investigação da polpa de maracujá-amarelo (Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg.) e seus híbridos sobre o potencial antioxidante e implicação no nível de colesterol plasmático de coelhos
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Data
2018-07-06
Autores
Baeta, Danielli dos Santos [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O uso de vegetais, especialmente as frutas, no tratamento de doenças é uma tradição popular altamente difundida. Vários trabalhos reportaram as propriedades farmacológicas e terapêuticas do maracujá como: sua ação calmante; a presença de biomoléculas importantes em sua constituição; e, também, o potencial de redução de hiperlipidemias, usando a casca do maracujá-amarelo. A proposta deste trabalho foi verificar em polpas de maracujá comercial (MC), e seus híbridos, BRS Rubi do Cerrado (MRC) e BRS Sol do Cerrado (MSC), o seu potencial antioxidante e a sua implicação no nível de colesterol plasmático, bem como, avaliações das suas propriedades bioquímicas e físico-químicas. Os resultados mostraram valores próximos de pH (pH ≈ 3,0) e, também, de valores energéticos (173,29 a 177,78 kcal.100gpolpa-1), considerando proteínas e lipídeos, para os três tipos de maracujá estudados. O MC apresentou maiores valores de proteínas (1,8 g.100gpolpa-1) e de açúcares totais (3,97 g.100gpolpa-1). O MRC apresentou maiores valores de compostos fenólicos totais nos extratos aquosos e etanólicos (44,62 e 52,49 EAGmg.100gpolpa-1, respectivamente); de flavonoides totais no extrato etanólico (8,46 EQmg.100gpolpa-1); e de vitamina C (20,44 EAAmg.100gpolpa-1). Os dados das análises fisiológicas mostraram: i) redução de ingestão de ração em todos os grupos, exceto os que receberam ração normal, e a maior redução foi no grupo tratado com MSC; ii) aumento da massa corporal dos animais, independente dos tratamentos efetuados; iii) redução dos teores de colesterol plasmático total no tratamento com MC e com medicamento entre as fases 2 e 3 da experimentação; iv) valores similares de colesterol total e de LDL+VLDL nos grupos tratados com MC e Sinvastatina; v) aumento dos valores de HDL em todos os grupos do segundo período de experimentação; vi) análise histológica, do primeiro período da experimentação, indicam hipertrofias no tecido adiposo abdominal nos grupos com dieta suplementada; início de acúmulo de gordura na camada íntima da aorta no grupo com dieta suplementa; e hepatócitos vacuolizados indicando acúmulo de glicogênio e raros focos de esteatose no fígado, exceto no grupo com ingestão de ração normal e sem tratamento e no grupo que ingeriu ração suplementada e tratamento com Sinvastatina. O híbrido BRS Rubi do Cerrado apresentou o maior potencial de captura ou sequestro das espécies reativas estudadas. Os efeitos na espécie HOCl mostraram baixíssimo potencial em relação às demais espécies reativas. Em suma, o presente trabalho mostra a importância do maracujá como alimento funcional, como auxiliar na redução do teor de colesterol no plasma sanguíneo de coelhos com hipercolesterolemia, e com potencial antioxidante. E, também, indica a necessidade de estudos de compostos bioativos isolados presentes no maracujá que correlacionem a esse tipo de hiperlipedemia, bem como estudos com seres humanos que tenham esse tipo de patologia.
The use of vegetables, especially fruits , in the treatment of diseases is a popular tradition. Several studies have reported the pharmacological and therapeutic properties of passion fruit as: its calming action; the presence of important biomolecules in their constitutio n ; also the potential for the reduction of hyperlipidemias using the fruit peel of the yellow p assion. The purpose of this stud y was to verify in pulp of the passion fruit commercial (MC) and its hybrids BRS Rub y of the Cer rado (MRC) and BRS Sun of the Cerrado (M SC) their antioxidant potential and their implication in the plasma cholesterol level , as well as evaluations of their biochemical and physical chemicals properties . The results showed near values of the pH ( pH ≈ 3.0 ) and also energy values (173.29 to 177.78 kcal.100g pulp - 1 ), considering proteins and lipids, for the three types of passion fruit studied. The MC showed higher values of proteins (1.8 g.100g p ulp - 1 ) and of total sugars (3.97 g.100g p u lp - 1 ). The MRC presente d higher values of total phenolic compounds in the aqueous and ethanolic extracts (44.62 and 52.49 EAG mg .100g pulp - 1 , respectively); of total flavonoids in the ethanolic extract (8.46 EAA mg .100g pulp - 1 ); and vitamin C (20.44 EAA mg .100g pu lp - 1 ). Data from the physiological analyzes showed: i) reduction of dietary intake in all groups, except those receiving normal ration, and the largest reduction was in the group treated with M SC ; ii) increase in the body mass of the animals, regardless of the treatments perfo rmed; iii) reduction of total plasma cholesterol levels in MC and drug treatment between phases 2 and 3 of the experiment; iv) similar values of total cholesterol and LDL + VLDL in the MC and Simvastatin treated groups; v) increase of HDL values in all group s of the second experiment period; vi) histological analysis, from the first period of the experiment, indicate hypertrophies in the abdominal adipose tissue in the groups with supplemented diet; onset of fat accumulation in the intima aortic layer in the supplemented diet; and vacuolated hepatocytes indicating glycogen accumulation and rare foci of steatosis in the liver, except in the group with normal and untreated ration intake and in the group that fed supplemented ration and treatment with Simvastatin . The BRS Ruby of the Cerrado hybrid showed the greatest potential for capture or sequestration of the reactive species studied. The effects on the HOCl species showed very low potential in relation to the other reactive species. In summary, the present wo rk shows the importance of passion fruit as a functional food, as an aid in reducing the cholesterol content in the blood plasma of rabbits with hypercholesterolemia, and with antioxidant potential. It also indicates the need for studies of isolated bioact ive compounds present in passion fruit that correlate to this type of hyperlipedemia, as well as studies with humans that have this type of pathology.
The use of vegetables, especially fruits , in the treatment of diseases is a popular tradition. Several studies have reported the pharmacological and therapeutic properties of passion fruit as: its calming action; the presence of important biomolecules in their constitutio n ; also the potential for the reduction of hyperlipidemias using the fruit peel of the yellow p assion. The purpose of this stud y was to verify in pulp of the passion fruit commercial (MC) and its hybrids BRS Rub y of the Cer rado (MRC) and BRS Sun of the Cerrado (M SC) their antioxidant potential and their implication in the plasma cholesterol level , as well as evaluations of their biochemical and physical chemicals properties . The results showed near values of the pH ( pH ≈ 3.0 ) and also energy values (173.29 to 177.78 kcal.100g pulp - 1 ), considering proteins and lipids, for the three types of passion fruit studied. The MC showed higher values of proteins (1.8 g.100g p ulp - 1 ) and of total sugars (3.97 g.100g p u lp - 1 ). The MRC presente d higher values of total phenolic compounds in the aqueous and ethanolic extracts (44.62 and 52.49 EAG mg .100g pulp - 1 , respectively); of total flavonoids in the ethanolic extract (8.46 EAA mg .100g pulp - 1 ); and vitamin C (20.44 EAA mg .100g pu lp - 1 ). Data from the physiological analyzes showed: i) reduction of dietary intake in all groups, except those receiving normal ration, and the largest reduction was in the group treated with M SC ; ii) increase in the body mass of the animals, regardless of the treatments perfo rmed; iii) reduction of total plasma cholesterol levels in MC and drug treatment between phases 2 and 3 of the experiment; iv) similar values of total cholesterol and LDL + VLDL in the MC and Simvastatin treated groups; v) increase of HDL values in all group s of the second experiment period; vi) histological analysis, from the first period of the experiment, indicate hypertrophies in the abdominal adipose tissue in the groups with supplemented diet; onset of fat accumulation in the intima aortic layer in the supplemented diet; and vacuolated hepatocytes indicating glycogen accumulation and rare foci of steatosis in the liver, except in the group with normal and untreated ration intake and in the group that fed supplemented ration and treatment with Simvastatin . The BRS Ruby of the Cerrado hybrid showed the greatest potential for capture or sequestration of the reactive species studied. The effects on the HOCl species showed very low potential in relation to the other reactive species. In summary, the present wo rk shows the importance of passion fruit as a functional food, as an aid in reducing the cholesterol content in the blood plasma of rabbits with hypercholesterolemia, and with antioxidant potential. It also indicates the need for studies of isolated bioact ive compounds present in passion fruit that correlate to this type of hyperlipedemia, as well as studies with humans that have this type of pathology.
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Palavras-chave
Maracujá, Antioxidantes, Colesterol, Compostos bioativos, Hipercolesterolemia