Determinação dos parâmetros cardiovasculares eletrocardiográficos materno-fetal e neonatal em equinos da raça Mini-Horse
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2018-08-27
Autores
Gama, Juliana Almeida Nogueira da
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
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A mortalidade durante os períodos pré e pós-natal representa uma perda considerável na espécie equina. A compreensão das alterações cardiovasculares durante prenhez é fundamental para o manejo das fêmeas prenhes e dos fetos. As observações clínicas confirmam que as mudanças ocorrem, embora a natureza exata destas alterações não seja bem evidente na literatura equina. O monitoramento da frequência cardíaca no feto, não só possibilita a verificação da saúde fetal e viabilidade, mas também fornece informações sobre o estágio de desenvolvimento do sistema nervoso autônomo. Desta forma, os objetivos do presente estudo foram descrever o comportamento dos parâmetros eletrocardiográficos (ECG), valores normais da frequência cardíaca (FC) e índices de variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC) nas éguas e nos neonatos. Para tal, foram utilizadas 10 éguas, de diferentes idades, pertencentes à raça Mini-Horse em todos os meses de gestação (11 meses) e após o parto. As éguas e os potros foram avaliados nos momentos, 24h, 7o, 14o, 21 o, 28 o e 35 o dia após o nascimento. A frequência cardíaca das éguas ao serem avaliadas em conjunto apresentou significância estatística (P<0,05), assim como as amplitudes das ondas S, T negativa e duração do intervalo PR. As amplitudes das ondas P1 e R variaram estaticamente entre os momentos subsequentes durante a gestação. Quanto aos neonatos foram temperatura foram diferentes quando avaliadas em conjunto e entre os momentos. No eletrocardiograma (ECG) houve diferença na amplitude das ondas P1 e P2 ao serem avaliadas em conjunto. Os resultados não foram influenciados pelas modificações que ocorrem no organismo durante a gestação. O desenvolvimento neonatal não teve influencia para alterar significativamente os resultados. A FC materna quando avaliadas em conjunto variou estatisticamente (P<0,05) e baixa frequência (LF) em Hz apresentou aumento no 28° dia após o parto e quando comparada entre os momentos subsequentes P<0,05. Foi possível mensurar a FC e VFC do feto a partir do 4º mês (em torno de 113 dias). A FC neonatal diminui ao avançar da gestação e ao avançar da idade, apresentando diferença estatística ao avaliadas em conjunto (P=0,01987); A média dos intervalos RR (SDNN) variou estatisticamente quando avaliado em conjunto (P=0,0002488) e entre os momentos da gestação e após o nascimento, o mesmo foi observado com os valores registrados de raiz quadrada da soma das diferenças sucessivas entre os intervalos RR normais adjacentes ao quadro (RMSSD). A LF (Hz) apresentou P<0,005 quando avaliada em conjunto. Durante o período gestacional as alterações que ocorrem na fêmea não alteraram significativamente VFC e a FC nas éguas. O desenvolvimento do SNA causa influência direta na FC neonatal.
Mortality during the pre and postnatal periods represents a considerable loss in the equine species. The understanding of cardiovascular changes during pregnancy is fundamental for the management of pregnant females and fetuses. Clinical observations confirm that changes occur, although the exact nature of these changes is not very evident in the equine literature. Heart rate monitoring in the fetus not only enables fetal health check and viability, but also provides information on the developmental stage of the autonomic nervous system. The aim of the present study was to describe the behavior of electrocardiographic parameters (ECG), normal heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) in mares and neonates. For this, 10 mares, of different ages, belonging to the Mini-Horse breed were used in all gestation months (11 months) and after delivery. The mares and foals were evaluated at the times, 24h, 7o, 14o, 21o, 28o and 35 the day after birth. The mares heart rate when evaluated together showed statistical significance (P <0.05), as well as the amplitudes of the S wave, negative T and PR interval duration. The amplitudes of the P1 and R waves varied statically between the subsequent moments during gestation. As for the neonates were temperature were different when evaluated together and between moments. On the electrocardiogram (ECG) there was a difference in the amplitude of the waves P1 and P2 when evaluated together. The results were not influenced by the changes that occur in the body during gestation. Neonatal development had no influence to significantly alter the results. Maternal HR when evaluated together varied statistically (P <0.05) and low frequency (LF) in Hz presented increase on the 28th day after delivery and when compared between the subsequent moments P <0.05. It was possible to measure HR and HRV of the fetus from the 4th month (around 113 days). Neonatal HR decreases as pregnancy progresses and as the child grows older, presenting a statistical difference when evaluated together (P = 0.01987); Mean RR intervals (SDNN) varied statistically when assessed together (P = 0.0002488) and between gestation and postnatal times, the same was observed with the square root values of the sum of the successive differences between the normal RR intervals adjacent to the table (RMSSD). The LF (Hz) presented P <0.005 when evaluated together. During the gestational period the changes that occurred in the female did not significantly change HRV and HR in the mares. The development of SNA causes a direct influence on neonatal HR.
Mortality during the pre and postnatal periods represents a considerable loss in the equine species. The understanding of cardiovascular changes during pregnancy is fundamental for the management of pregnant females and fetuses. Clinical observations confirm that changes occur, although the exact nature of these changes is not very evident in the equine literature. Heart rate monitoring in the fetus not only enables fetal health check and viability, but also provides information on the developmental stage of the autonomic nervous system. The aim of the present study was to describe the behavior of electrocardiographic parameters (ECG), normal heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) in mares and neonates. For this, 10 mares, of different ages, belonging to the Mini-Horse breed were used in all gestation months (11 months) and after delivery. The mares and foals were evaluated at the times, 24h, 7o, 14o, 21o, 28o and 35 the day after birth. The mares heart rate when evaluated together showed statistical significance (P <0.05), as well as the amplitudes of the S wave, negative T and PR interval duration. The amplitudes of the P1 and R waves varied statically between the subsequent moments during gestation. As for the neonates were temperature were different when evaluated together and between moments. On the electrocardiogram (ECG) there was a difference in the amplitude of the waves P1 and P2 when evaluated together. The results were not influenced by the changes that occur in the body during gestation. Neonatal development had no influence to significantly alter the results. Maternal HR when evaluated together varied statistically (P <0.05) and low frequency (LF) in Hz presented increase on the 28th day after delivery and when compared between the subsequent moments P <0.05. It was possible to measure HR and HRV of the fetus from the 4th month (around 113 days). Neonatal HR decreases as pregnancy progresses and as the child grows older, presenting a statistical difference when evaluated together (P = 0.01987); Mean RR intervals (SDNN) varied statistically when assessed together (P = 0.0002488) and between gestation and postnatal times, the same was observed with the square root values of the sum of the successive differences between the normal RR intervals adjacent to the table (RMSSD). The LF (Hz) presented P <0.005 when evaluated together. During the gestational period the changes that occurred in the female did not significantly change HRV and HR in the mares. The development of SNA causes a direct influence on neonatal HR.
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cavalos, cardiologia, potro, eletrocardiograma, cardiology, horses, foal, electrocardiogram