Identificação de populações e de padrões de migração de Prochilodus lineatus no ecossistema dos rios Mojiguaçu, Pardo e Grande com o uso de marcadores genéticos moleculares
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Data
2018-07-24
Autores
Oliveira, Daniela José de
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Entre as espécies de peixes migradoras Neotropicais que ocorrem na bacia do rio Paraná, Prochilodus lineatus é encontrada com abundancia, principalmente no sistema composto pelos rios Grande, Pardo e Mojiguaçu. A espécie é popularmente conhecida como curimbatá e é caracterizada por se organizar em grandes cardumes durante o processo de migração reprodutiva, bem como por possuí habito alimentar onívoro e por ser muito apreciada por pescadores ribeirinhos. Foi a primeira espécie de peixe no Brasil a ter seu comportamento migrador estudado, servindo de referência para inúmeros outros estudos. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo identificar a dinâmica e os padrões de relacionamento das populações de P. lineatus na região de Cachoeira de Emas no rio Mojiguaçu, como modelo de manejo a ser aplicado na conservação de espécies migradoras. Para o desenvolvimento deste tema foram estabelecidas duas linhas básicas de estudo, sendo (1) a análise genético-temporal de populações de P. lineatus coletados em Cachoeira de Emas ao longo dos anos de 2003, 2005, 2006, 2009, 2010 e 2015 com o uso de marcadores moleculares dos tipos microssatélite e mitocondrial para identificar as possíveis mudanças estruturais e (2) identificar os padrões de organização dos cardumes migradores de P. lineatus durante os períodos reprodutivos de 2007 à 2010 na região de Cachoeira de Emas no rio Mojiguaçu. Os resultados obtidos nestas investigações revelaram a existência de alta variabilidade genética e estruturação temporal entre as populações estudadas e tais padrões de estruturação parecem estar altamente relacionados aos efeitos de pressões ambientais, sejam elas determinadas por fatores climáticos ou antrópicos.
Among the species of Neotropical migratory fish that occur in the Paraná River basin, Prochilodus lineatus is abundantly found, mainly in the system composed by the rivers Grande, Pardo and Mojiguaçu. The species is popularly known as curimbatá and is characterized by being organized in large schools during the process of reproductive migration, as well as by having an omnivore food habit and being highly appreciated by riverine fishermen. It was the first species of fish in Brazil to have its migratory behavior studied, serving as reference for numerous other studies. The present work had as objective to identify the dynamics and the relationship patterns of the populations of P. lineatus in the region of Cachoeira de Emas in the Mojiguaçu River, as a management model to be applied in the conservation of migratory fish species. For the development of this theme, two basic lines of study were established: (1) the genetictemporal analysis of P. lineatus populations collected in Cachoeira de Emas throughout 2003, 2005, 2006, 2009, 2010 and 2015 with the use of molecular markers of the microsatellite and mitochondrial types to identify the possible structural changes and (2) to identify the patterns of organization of the migratory schools of P. lineatus during the reproductive periods from 2007 to 2010 in the region of Cachoeira de Emas on the Mojiguaçu river. The results obtained in these investigations revealed the existence of high genetic variability and temporal structure between the samples of the populations studied and such structuring patterns seem to be highly related to the effects of environmental pressures, whether determined by climatic or anthropogenic factors.
Among the species of Neotropical migratory fish that occur in the Paraná River basin, Prochilodus lineatus is abundantly found, mainly in the system composed by the rivers Grande, Pardo and Mojiguaçu. The species is popularly known as curimbatá and is characterized by being organized in large schools during the process of reproductive migration, as well as by having an omnivore food habit and being highly appreciated by riverine fishermen. It was the first species of fish in Brazil to have its migratory behavior studied, serving as reference for numerous other studies. The present work had as objective to identify the dynamics and the relationship patterns of the populations of P. lineatus in the region of Cachoeira de Emas in the Mojiguaçu River, as a management model to be applied in the conservation of migratory fish species. For the development of this theme, two basic lines of study were established: (1) the genetictemporal analysis of P. lineatus populations collected in Cachoeira de Emas throughout 2003, 2005, 2006, 2009, 2010 and 2015 with the use of molecular markers of the microsatellite and mitochondrial types to identify the possible structural changes and (2) to identify the patterns of organization of the migratory schools of P. lineatus during the reproductive periods from 2007 to 2010 in the region of Cachoeira de Emas on the Mojiguaçu river. The results obtained in these investigations revealed the existence of high genetic variability and temporal structure between the samples of the populations studied and such structuring patterns seem to be highly related to the effects of environmental pressures, whether determined by climatic or anthropogenic factors.
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Palavras-chave
curimbatá, estrutura populacional, alterações climáticas, ações antrópicas, population structure, climate change, anthropic actions