Vinhaça em reatores anaeróbios horizontais de alta taxa, em série: efeito do aumento gradual das cargas orgânicas volumétricas na produção de biogás e nas populações microbianas
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Data
2018-08-06
Autores
Santana Junior, Aureo Evangelista
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A importância da recuperação de recursos da vinhaça de cana-de-açúcar para fins de produção de energia associado à sua destinação adequada é uma política pública atual para o setor sucroenergético. Os reatores anaeróbios horizontais de leito fixo (RAHLF) têm vantagens construtivas, econômicas, operacionais e de desempenho no tratamento de efluentes complexos, mas ainda não foram estudados com a vinhaça. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar quatro RAHLF, em série (R1, R2, R3 e R4) no tratamento da vinhaça, com carga orgânica volumétrica (COV) 5 até 45 g DQOtotal (L d)-1 no R1 e com o uso da recirculação do efluente do R4. Com os RAHLF em série ocorreu estabilidade e, após a primeira entressafra, a retomada do sistema de tratamento, com aumento gradual da COV até valores elevados, foi bem sucedida. A partida do sistema com COV elevada, na segunda entressafra, provocou acidificação dos reatores e com a manutenção da recirculação do efluente a alcalinidade e o pH foram novamente apropriados para a digestão anaeróbia, o sistema foi recuperado e alcançou estabilidade. As maiores remoções de DQOtotal e produções de metano ocorreram no R1 e R2; no entanto, o R3 e R4 contribuíram para melhorar a estabilidade do sistema e atingir eficiência (60%) e conversão (0,24 L CH4 (g DQO removida)-1) mais altas sob COV elevada. As produções volumétricas de metano aumentaram com a COV e foram máximas com 20,0 g DQOtotal (L d)-1 no R1, alcançando valor de 1,07 L CH4 (L d)-1 no sistema e biogás com 60 a 80% de CH4. Nestas condições verificaram-se concentrações similares de micro-organismos dos domínios Bacteria e Archaea (108 a 109 cópias do gene 16S rDNA/g SV) indicando situação favorável para o processo anaeróbio. Predominaram arquéias metanogências acetotróficas e mixotróficas da ordem Methanosarcinales (107 a 109 cópias do gene 16S rDNA/g SV) seguidas das hidrogenotróficas da ordem Methanomicrobiales (104 a 107 cópias do gene 16S rDNA/g SV) demonstrando que a produção de metano ocorreu por ambas as vias. Para realizar a metanogênese acetotrófica, as maiores concentrações de arquéias, no R1, R2 e R4, foram da família Methanosaetaceae (107 cópias do gene 16S rDNA/g SV).
The recovery importance of sugarcane vinasse resources for energy production associated with the proper destination is a current public policy for the sucroenergetic sector. Horizontal anaerobic reactors with fixed bed (HARFB) have constructive, economic, operational and performance advantages in the complex effluents treatment, but have not yet been studied with vinasse. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the performance of four HARFB in series (R1, R2, R3 and R4) in the vinasse treatment, with organic loading rate (OLR) gradual increase 5 up to 45 gtotal COD (L d)-1 in R1 and effluent recirculation after R4 output. The HARFB in series showed stability and the resumption of the treatment system after first stopping offseason was successful with a gradual increase of OLR to high values. The restart of the system with high OLR, after second offseason stoping, caused acidification of the reactors and, with the effluent recirculation maintenance, alkalinity and pH were again appropriate for anaerobic digestion and the stability was recovered. The highest COD removals and methane productions occurred in R1 and R2; however, R3 and R4 contributed to improve system stability and achieve efficiency (60%) and conversion (0.24 L CH4 (g COD removed)-1) highest under high OLR. The volumetric methane production increased with OLR, reaching a value of 1.07 L CH4 (L d) -1 in the system and biogas with 60 to 80% of CH4, under highest OLR of 20.0 g DQOtotal (L d) -1 in R1. Under these conditions, similar concentrations of microorganisms of the Bacteria and Archaea domains (108 to 109 copies of the 16S rDNA / g VS gene) were found, which indicates a favorable situation for the anaerobic process. The methanogenic acetotrophic and mixotrophic archaeas were predominate - order Methanosarcinales (107 to 109 16S rDNA gene copies / g VS), followed by the hydrogenotrophic - order Methanomicrobiales (104 to 107 16S rDNA gene copies / g VS), demonstrating that the methane production occurred in both pathways. In order to perform acetotrophic methanogenesis, the highest concentrations of archaeas in R1, R2 and R4 were from the Methanosaetaceae family (107 16S rDNA gene copies / g VS).
The recovery importance of sugarcane vinasse resources for energy production associated with the proper destination is a current public policy for the sucroenergetic sector. Horizontal anaerobic reactors with fixed bed (HARFB) have constructive, economic, operational and performance advantages in the complex effluents treatment, but have not yet been studied with vinasse. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the performance of four HARFB in series (R1, R2, R3 and R4) in the vinasse treatment, with organic loading rate (OLR) gradual increase 5 up to 45 gtotal COD (L d)-1 in R1 and effluent recirculation after R4 output. The HARFB in series showed stability and the resumption of the treatment system after first stopping offseason was successful with a gradual increase of OLR to high values. The restart of the system with high OLR, after second offseason stoping, caused acidification of the reactors and, with the effluent recirculation maintenance, alkalinity and pH were again appropriate for anaerobic digestion and the stability was recovered. The highest COD removals and methane productions occurred in R1 and R2; however, R3 and R4 contributed to improve system stability and achieve efficiency (60%) and conversion (0.24 L CH4 (g COD removed)-1) highest under high OLR. The volumetric methane production increased with OLR, reaching a value of 1.07 L CH4 (L d) -1 in the system and biogas with 60 to 80% of CH4, under highest OLR of 20.0 g DQOtotal (L d) -1 in R1. Under these conditions, similar concentrations of microorganisms of the Bacteria and Archaea domains (108 to 109 copies of the 16S rDNA / g VS gene) were found, which indicates a favorable situation for the anaerobic process. The methanogenic acetotrophic and mixotrophic archaeas were predominate - order Methanosarcinales (107 to 109 16S rDNA gene copies / g VS), followed by the hydrogenotrophic - order Methanomicrobiales (104 to 107 16S rDNA gene copies / g VS), demonstrating that the methane production occurred in both pathways. In order to perform acetotrophic methanogenesis, the highest concentrations of archaeas in R1, R2 and R4 were from the Methanosaetaceae family (107 16S rDNA gene copies / g VS).
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Palavras-chave
Arquéias metanogênicas, Bioenergia, digestão anaeróbia, Metano, Recirculação do efluente