Tailoring the Structure and Luminescence of Nanostructured Er<sup>3+</sup> and Er<sup>3+</sup>/Yb<sup>3+</sup>-Activated Hafnia-Based Systems
Abstract
Nanostructured Er<sup>3+</sup>- and Er<sup>3+</sup>/Yb<sup>3+</sup>-activated hafnium oxide films and nanoparticles were prepared from a stable colloidal suspension and investigated by several techniques such as transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, dynamic light scattering, atomic force microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and photoluminescence. Low roughness and crack-free films were deposited by dip-coating and spin-coating techniques on vitreous SiO<inf>2</inf> and Si substrates. Nanostructured particles were also synthesized. Remarkable structural and spectroscopic differences were observed for hafnium oxide-based materials as a function of the Er<sup>3+</sup> and Er<sup>3+</sup>/Yb<sup>3+</sup> concentration. The <sup>4</sup>I<inf>13/2</inf> → <sup>4</sup>I<inf>15/2</inf> emission bandwidth and the lifetime of the <sup>4</sup>I<inf>13/2</inf> metastable state of Er<sup>3+</sup> was tailored through the rare-earth concentration. The Er<sup>3+</sup> emission in HfO<inf>2</inf> can be explored for photonic applications.
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