Publicação: A glassy carbon electrode modified with reduced graphene oxide for sensitive determination of bumetanide in urine at levels required for doping analysis
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The dopant bumetanide (BMT) was banned by the World Anti-Doping Agency. The authors describe a voltammetric sensor for the determination of BMT in urine that is based on the use of a glassy carbon electrode modified with reduced graphene oxide (GCE/rGO). The GCE/rGO was prepared by electrodeposition from a solution of GO. The oxidation of BMT occurs best at +0.75 V in the GCE/rGO with an approximately 13-fold gain in the anode current compared to a conventional GCE. The oxidation mechanism was investigated by means of electrolysis, while the analysis of the products was carried out via the LC–MS/MS. Under optimized conditions (scan rate 100 mV s−1; pH 4.0; accumulation time 25 s) and by using linear sweep adsorptive stripping voltammetry, the response covers the 0.26 to 50 μmol L−1 BMT concentration range. The detection limit is 75 nmol L−1. The sensor was successfully applied and validated by LC–MS/MS analysis of spiked urine sample.
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Bumetanide, Diuretics, Doping, Stripping voltammetry, Urine sample, Voltammetric sensor
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Inglês
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Microchimica Acta, v. 184, n. 10, p. 4117-4124, 2017.
