Metodologia para determinação do índice de emissões de CO2 de projetos de terminais portuários de exportação de minério de ferro no Brasil
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Data
2018-12-13
Autores
Carvalho, Robson Flores de
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O equilíbrio entre preservar o ecossistema, atender às necessidades sociais das comunidades e manter o desenvolvimento econômico, é uma condição de sobrevivência para qualquer tipo de negócio e projeto. Dentro deste contexto, o setor de mineração apresenta uma característica extrativista de grande impacto ambiental, sendo exportado parte dos minérios de ferro beneficiados no Brasil, permanecendo parte dos impactos ambientais em territórios nacionais. Devido à relevância do setor de mineração de ferro para o desenvolvimento socioeconômico do Brasil, é necessário criar iniciativas mais sustentáveis na dimensão ambiental para o setor. Esta pesquisa busca apresentar uma metodologia para determinar as emissões de CO2 em projetos de terminais portuários de exportação de minério de ferro, introduzindo um novo conceito “Índice de emissões de CO2 de um Projeto”. O índice estabelecido utiliza como referência as emissões de CO2 em relação a capacidade produtiva e ciclo de vida do projeto. O trabalho foi delimitado entre o transporte ferroviário, processos internos dos terminais portuários, transporte marítimo e destinos de exportação. Foi consolidado o inventário energético de materiais-serviços aplicado na cadeia integrada de exportação, abrangendo as etapas do projeto: engenharia, construção, operação, transporte ferroviário e marítimo. Os resultados alcançados com o desenvolvimento da metodologia, permitem quantificar de forma prévia na fase de desenvolvimento da engenharia, as emissões de CO2 em cada etapa do projeto, possibilitando o desenvolvimento de projetos com maior sustentabilidade na dimensão ambiental.
The balance among preserving the ecosystem, meeting the social needs of communities, and maintaining economic development is a survival condition for any type of business and project. Within this context, the mining sector presents an extractive characteristic of great environmental impact, being exported part of the iron ores benefited in Brazil, remaining part of the environmental impacts in national territories. Due to the importance of the iron mining sector for the socioeconomic development of Brazil, it is necessary to create more sustainable initiatives in the environmental dimension for the sector. This research seeks to present a methodology to determine the CO2 emissions in projects of port terminals of export of iron ore, introducing a new concept "Index of CO2 emissions of a Project". The established index uses CO2 emissions in relation to the productive capacity and project life cycle. The work was delimited between rail transport, internal processes of port terminals, shipping and export destinations. The energy-materials-services inventory applied in the integrated export chain was consolidated, covering the stages of the project: engineering, construction, operation, rail and maritime transportation. The results obtained with the development of the methodology, allow to quantify previously in the development phase of the engineering, CO2 emissions in each stage of the project, enabling the development of projects with greater sustainability in the environmental dimension.
The balance among preserving the ecosystem, meeting the social needs of communities, and maintaining economic development is a survival condition for any type of business and project. Within this context, the mining sector presents an extractive characteristic of great environmental impact, being exported part of the iron ores benefited in Brazil, remaining part of the environmental impacts in national territories. Due to the importance of the iron mining sector for the socioeconomic development of Brazil, it is necessary to create more sustainable initiatives in the environmental dimension for the sector. This research seeks to present a methodology to determine the CO2 emissions in projects of port terminals of export of iron ore, introducing a new concept "Index of CO2 emissions of a Project". The established index uses CO2 emissions in relation to the productive capacity and project life cycle. The work was delimited between rail transport, internal processes of port terminals, shipping and export destinations. The energy-materials-services inventory applied in the integrated export chain was consolidated, covering the stages of the project: engineering, construction, operation, rail and maritime transportation. The results obtained with the development of the methodology, allow to quantify previously in the development phase of the engineering, CO2 emissions in each stage of the project, enabling the development of projects with greater sustainability in the environmental dimension.
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Impactos ambientais, Índice, Emissões de CO2, Metodologia, Mineração de ferro, Sustentável, Terminal portuário, Environmental impacts, Index, Carbon dioxide emissions, Methodology, Iron mining, Sustainable, Port terminal, Ecossistemas, Minérios de ferro, Terminais (Transportes)