Parasitismo em novilhas 1/2 Angus 1/2 Nelore mantidas em sistema silvipstoril
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Data
2018-12-13
Autores
Bello, Hornblenda Joaquina Silva
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Foi avaliada a influência do sombreamento em sistema silvipastoril em relação ao grau de parasitismo por endoparasitas e ectoparasitas em novilhas Angus Nelore, analisando o grau de infecção por helmintos nos animais e quantificação de larvas na pastagem, o grau de infestação por carrapatos e mosca-dos-chifres, parâmetros hematológicos e o ganho de peso destes animais. O experimento foi conduzido na Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios (APTA) de Andradina, com 72 novilhas ½ Angus ½ Nelore, com peso médio inicial de 276 ± 5,67 kg e 09 meses de idade, em uma área total de 25 hectares, dividida em 12 piquetes, com três tratamentos e quatro repetições. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, sendo o tratamento 1, sistema de pastejo convencional sem sombra e os tratamentos 2 e 3 com linhas simples e linhas triplas de eucalipto, respectivamente. As novilhas receberam tratamento antiparasitário somente dois meses antes do início do experimento. As avaliações foram realizadas a cada 28 dias, de junho de 2017 a abril de 2018. Os dados foram coletados por meio da pesagem dos animais, coletas de fezes para exames quantitativos e qualitativos de helmintos gastrintestinais, coleta de sangue para hemograma, contagens de larvas infectantes de helmintos na pastagem, de mosca dos chifres e de carrapatos nos animais. Os dados climáticos foram gerados pela estação meteorológica localizada próxima a área experimental. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos a análise de variância e ao teste Tukey ao nível de significância de 5% de probabilidade e analisados por meio do programa estatístico SAS. O OPG foi maior no sistema convencional de pastagem e houve um aumento gradativo nos três sistemas ao longo do estudo. A ordem de predominância dos gêneros encontrados nas coprocultras de ambos sistemas silvipastoris foram Haemonchus, Cooperia, Oesophagostomum e Trichostrongylus já no sistema convencional observou-se a predominância de Cooperia seguido por Haemonchus. Não observou-se influência de sistema nas contagens de larvas infectantes na pastagem, sendo identificado Trichostrongylus em maior quantidade seguido de Cooperia, Haemonchus e Oesophagostomum. O grau de infestação por carrapatos foi maior no sistema silvipastoril com linhas triplas. Não houve significância no grau de infestação por mosca-dos-chifres. Não foi observado significância nos parâmetros hematológicos e no ganho de peso das novilhas. Desta forma pode se concluir que o sombreamento influenciou para um menor grau de infecção por helmintos gastrintestinais e maior grau de infestação por carrapatos no sistema com mais árvores, porém não interferiu na quantidade de mosca-dos-chifres entre os sistemas, o parasitismo não teve interferência no desempenho e na saúde dos animais.
The influence of shading in silvopastoral system in relation to the degree of parasitism by endoparasites and ectoparasites in Angus Nellore heifers was evaluated, analyzing the degree of infection by helminths in the animals and quantification of larvae in the pasture, the degree of infestation by ticks and horn fly, hematological parameters and the gain of weight of these animals. The experiment was carried out at the Paulista Agency of Agribusiness Technology (APTA) of Andradina, with 72 heifers ½ Angus ½ Nelore, with a mean initial weight of 276 ± 5.67 kg and 9 months of age, in a total area of 25 hectares, divided into 12 pickets, with three treatments and four replicates. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with treatment 1, conventional shade grazing system and treatments 2 and 3 with single lines and triple eucalyptus lines, respectively. Heifers received antiparasitic treatment only two months before the start of the experiment. The evaluations were performed every 28 days, from June 2017 to April 2018. Data were collected by weighing the animals, stool samples for quantitative and qualitative examinations of gastrointestinal helminths, blood collection for blood counts, larval counts infecting helminths in grazing, fly horns and ticks in animals. The climatic data were generated by the meteorological station located near the experimental area. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey test at the significance level of 5% of probability and analyzed by SAS statistical program. OPG was higher in the conventional grazing system and there was a gradual increase in all three systems throughout the study. The order of predominance of the genera found in the coprocultures of both silvipastoral systems were Haemonchus, Cooperia, Oesophagostomum and Trichostrongylus already in the conventional system was observed the predominance of Cooperia followed by Haemonchus. No system influence was observed on the counts of infective larvae in the pasture, with Trichostrongylus being identified in greater amounts followed by Cooperia, Haemonchus and Oesophagostomum. The degree of infestation by ticks was higher in the silvipastoral system with triple lines. There was no significance in the degree of horn-fly infestation. Significance was not observed in hematological parameters and heifers weight gain. In this way it can be concluded that the shading influenced to a lower degree of infection by gastrointestinal helminths and a greater degree of infestation by ticks in the system with more trees, but did not interfere in the amount of horn fly between the systems, the parasitism did not have interference with animal performance and health.
The influence of shading in silvopastoral system in relation to the degree of parasitism by endoparasites and ectoparasites in Angus Nellore heifers was evaluated, analyzing the degree of infection by helminths in the animals and quantification of larvae in the pasture, the degree of infestation by ticks and horn fly, hematological parameters and the gain of weight of these animals. The experiment was carried out at the Paulista Agency of Agribusiness Technology (APTA) of Andradina, with 72 heifers ½ Angus ½ Nelore, with a mean initial weight of 276 ± 5.67 kg and 9 months of age, in a total area of 25 hectares, divided into 12 pickets, with three treatments and four replicates. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with treatment 1, conventional shade grazing system and treatments 2 and 3 with single lines and triple eucalyptus lines, respectively. Heifers received antiparasitic treatment only two months before the start of the experiment. The evaluations were performed every 28 days, from June 2017 to April 2018. Data were collected by weighing the animals, stool samples for quantitative and qualitative examinations of gastrointestinal helminths, blood collection for blood counts, larval counts infecting helminths in grazing, fly horns and ticks in animals. The climatic data were generated by the meteorological station located near the experimental area. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey test at the significance level of 5% of probability and analyzed by SAS statistical program. OPG was higher in the conventional grazing system and there was a gradual increase in all three systems throughout the study. The order of predominance of the genera found in the coprocultures of both silvipastoral systems were Haemonchus, Cooperia, Oesophagostomum and Trichostrongylus already in the conventional system was observed the predominance of Cooperia followed by Haemonchus. No system influence was observed on the counts of infective larvae in the pasture, with Trichostrongylus being identified in greater amounts followed by Cooperia, Haemonchus and Oesophagostomum. The degree of infestation by ticks was higher in the silvipastoral system with triple lines. There was no significance in the degree of horn-fly infestation. Significance was not observed in hematological parameters and heifers weight gain. In this way it can be concluded that the shading influenced to a lower degree of infection by gastrointestinal helminths and a greater degree of infestation by ticks in the system with more trees, but did not interfere in the amount of horn fly between the systems, the parasitism did not have interference with animal performance and health.
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Palavras-chave
Bovino, Integração pecuária - floresta, Parasito, Bovine, Integration - livestock forest, Parasite