Desempenho produtivo, comportamento ingestivo, características de carcaça, morfometria ruminal e cecal em bovinos Nelore confinados submetidos a restrição nutricional ou consumo de ingredientes concentrados antes do período de adaptação
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Data
2019-02-25
Autores
Pereira, Murillo Ceola Stefano
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O estudo foi conduzido no confinamento da Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus de Dracena, com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da restrição nutricional ou consumo de ingredientes concentrados antes do período de adaptação sobre o tempo de adaptação, desempenho produtivo, comportamento ingestivo, características de carcaça, morfometria ruminal e cecal em bovinos Nelore confinados. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com 8 repetições (4 animais/baia), em que 96 bovinos machos, não castrados, da raça Nelore, com peso vivo (PV) médio inicial de 365,52 ± 39,19 kg, foram alimentados em 24 baias de acordo com os tratamentos: Restrição (feno de Tifton restrito a 1,4% do PV + mineral); Controle (feno de Tifton ad libitum + mineral) e Concentrado (feno de Tifton ad libitum + 0,5% do PV de ingredientes concentrados + mineral). A duração do experimento foi de 144 dias, divididos em 2 fases: 32 dias de pré-adaptação, em que os tratamentos foram aplicados e 112 dias de alimentação de alta energia (confinamento), onde os animais foram alimentados com a mesma dieta. Ao final da fase de pré-adaptação, um animal por baia foi abatido (n = 24) para avaliações de carcaça, rúmen e ceco, os 72 animais restantes foram abatidos após 112 dias. Não foi observado (P > 0,10) efeito dos tratamentos para período de adaptação, o qual foi em 14 dias. Animais submetidos ao consumo de concentrado apresentaram maior (P < 0,10) PV final, ganho de peso diário (GPD), consumo de matéria seca (CMS), peso de carcaça quente (PCQ), rendimento de carcaça quente, deposição de gordura subcutânea e de garupa e melhor conversão alimentar (CA) e eficiência alimentar (EA) durante a fase de pré-adaptação. Entretanto, durante a fase de alimentação de alta energia, animais submetidos a restrição alimentar apresentaram melhor (P < 0,10) GPD, CMS, CA, EA, número médio de papilas e área de superfície absortiva do que animais no tratamento controle. Animais submetidos a restrição alimentar ou consumo de concentrado tiveram maior (P < 0,10) PCQ final, deposição de gordura subcutânea, de garupa e ganho de área de olho de lombo do que animais no tratamento controle no final da fase de confinamento. A restrição nutricional ou o fornecimento de ingredientes concentrados antes do período de adaptação não afetaram o período de adaptação e a restrição nutricional em 1,4% do PV por 32 dias melhorou o desempenho produtivo, características de carcaça e morfometria ruminal em bovinos Nelore confinados.
The study, conducted at São Paulo State University feedlot, Dracena campus, Brazil, was designed to evaluate the effects of either nutritional restriction or intake of concentrate feedstuffs before beginning the adaptation period on days to adapt, feedlot performance, feeding behavior, carcass characteristics, rumen and cecum morphometric of Nellore cattle. The experiment was designed as a completely randomized block, replicated 8 times (4 animals/pen), in which 96 Nellore bulls with initial body weight (BW) 365.52 ± 39.19 kg, were fed in 24 pens according to the treatments: Restriction (Tifton hay fed at 1.4% of BW + mineral supplement); Control (Tifton hay fed ad libitum + mineral supplement) and Concentrate (Tifton hay fed ad libitum + 0.5% of BW of a mix of concentrate feedstuffs and mineral supplement). This study lasted 144-d, divided into 2 periods: 32-d of pre-adaptation, in which cattle were submitted to the treatments previously described, and 112-d of feeding high-concentrate diets, where cattle were fed the same diets. At the end of pre-adaptation period, one animal per pen was slaughtered (n = 24) for carcass, cecum and rumen evaluations, and the remaining 72 animals were harvested after 112-d of feeding high-concentrate diets. No significant (P > 0.10) treatment effect was observed for days to adapt to finishing diet, that was 14 days. Cattle submitted to intake of concentrate had greater (P < 0.10) final BW, average daily gain (ADG), dry matter intake (DMI), hot carcass weight (HCW), dressing percentage, 12th rib and Biceps femoris fat thickness, and also better feed to gain ratio (F:G) and gain to feed ratio (G:F) than cattle on control group at the pre-adaptation period. However, cattle submitted to nutritional restriction had greater (P < 0.10) ADG, DMI, F:G, G:F, number of papillae and absorptive surface area than cattle on control group at the feeding high-concentrate diets period. Cattle submitted to nutritional restriction or intake of concentrate feedstuffs had greater (P < 0.10) final HCW, 12th rib and Biceps femoris fat thickness and longissimus muscle area gain than cattle on control group at the end feeding high-concentrate diets period. Either nutritional restriction or intake of concentrate feedstuffs before beginning the adaptation period did not affect the adaptation period and nutritional restriction in 1.4% of BW over 32 days improved feedlot performance, carcass characteristics and rumen morphometric of Nellore cattle.
The study, conducted at São Paulo State University feedlot, Dracena campus, Brazil, was designed to evaluate the effects of either nutritional restriction or intake of concentrate feedstuffs before beginning the adaptation period on days to adapt, feedlot performance, feeding behavior, carcass characteristics, rumen and cecum morphometric of Nellore cattle. The experiment was designed as a completely randomized block, replicated 8 times (4 animals/pen), in which 96 Nellore bulls with initial body weight (BW) 365.52 ± 39.19 kg, were fed in 24 pens according to the treatments: Restriction (Tifton hay fed at 1.4% of BW + mineral supplement); Control (Tifton hay fed ad libitum + mineral supplement) and Concentrate (Tifton hay fed ad libitum + 0.5% of BW of a mix of concentrate feedstuffs and mineral supplement). This study lasted 144-d, divided into 2 periods: 32-d of pre-adaptation, in which cattle were submitted to the treatments previously described, and 112-d of feeding high-concentrate diets, where cattle were fed the same diets. At the end of pre-adaptation period, one animal per pen was slaughtered (n = 24) for carcass, cecum and rumen evaluations, and the remaining 72 animals were harvested after 112-d of feeding high-concentrate diets. No significant (P > 0.10) treatment effect was observed for days to adapt to finishing diet, that was 14 days. Cattle submitted to intake of concentrate had greater (P < 0.10) final BW, average daily gain (ADG), dry matter intake (DMI), hot carcass weight (HCW), dressing percentage, 12th rib and Biceps femoris fat thickness, and also better feed to gain ratio (F:G) and gain to feed ratio (G:F) than cattle on control group at the pre-adaptation period. However, cattle submitted to nutritional restriction had greater (P < 0.10) ADG, DMI, F:G, G:F, number of papillae and absorptive surface area than cattle on control group at the feeding high-concentrate diets period. Cattle submitted to nutritional restriction or intake of concentrate feedstuffs had greater (P < 0.10) final HCW, 12th rib and Biceps femoris fat thickness and longissimus muscle area gain than cattle on control group at the end feeding high-concentrate diets period. Either nutritional restriction or intake of concentrate feedstuffs before beginning the adaptation period did not affect the adaptation period and nutritional restriction in 1.4% of BW over 32 days improved feedlot performance, carcass characteristics and rumen morphometric of Nellore cattle.
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Palavras-chave
Ganho compensatório, Papila, Período, Rúmen, Zebu