Viabilidade de reúso de efluente tratado em indústria de galvanoplastia
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Data
2019-03-01
Autores
Rocha, Luana Cristina Pereira
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O aumento da demanda de água para as diversas atividades humanas, associado à alteração da qualidade das águas por fontes poluidoras diversas, dentre elas as indústrias, tem comprometido de forma significativa o potencial de uso dos recursos hídricos, tornando-os escassos em muitas regiões ou requerendo maiores investimentos e novas tecnologias para a sua utilização. O entendimento deste cenário tem subsidiado a adoção de medidas que contemplam os preceitos da sustentabilidade, onde o uso racional e o reúso de águas aparecem como estratégias de grande relevância. Quanto ao reúso de águas, inclui-se a reutilização de efluentes, tratados ou não, para atendimento de usos menos restritivos, favorecendo a conservação da água, bem como preservando o recurso de melhor qualidade para os usos que as requerem. Desta forma, neste trabalho foi avaliada a viabilidade do reúso direto planejado de efluentes, originados em processos de galvanoplastia e submetidos ao tratamento complementar por membrana de osmose reversa, como insumo no processo produtivo de lavagem de peças. O estudo foi desenvolvido em uma indústria localizada em Botucatu, São Paulo, através da operação de uma unidade-piloto de osmose reversa de um estágio, com módulo de membrana tipo enrolada em espiral, sem recirculação. Durante o experimento, para avaliação do desempenho operacional do sistema e da eficiência de remoção de contaminantes, foram realizadas quatro campanhas de coletas, totalizando 173 amostras. O desempenho operacional do sistema de osmose foi avaliado por meio das variáveis: vazão de permeado, vazão de rejeito, fluxo de permeado, taxa de recuperação, pressão de entrada, pH de alimentação e pH do permeado, tendo como principais resultados taxa de recuperação média de 20,99% e pH favorável de operação próximo a 6,50. A eficiência do sistema com relação à remoção de contaminantes foi avaliada através da porcentagem de remoção de sólidos dissolvidos totais em termos de condutividade elétrica, obtendo-se fator de rejeição médio de 96%. Com base no resultado da análise comparativa entre a qualidade do permeado produzido pelo sistema de osmose reversa e o padrão de qualidade exigido para banhos de lavagem de peças, concluiu-se pela viabilidade técnica do reúso do efluente tratado como insumo no processo produtivo. Quanto à viabilidade econômica, os benefícios financeiros seriam atingidos a partir do terceiro ano de operação do sistema. A presença de cloro residual no efluente tratado da linha produtiva 3 inviabilizou seu uso como água de alimentação no sistema de osmose reversa.
The increase of water demand for the different human activities, associated to the quality deterioration by several pollution sources, among them, industries, has significantly been undermined the potential of water resources, making them scarce in many regions or requiring greater investments and new technologies for its use. The comprehension of this scenario has subsidized the adoption of measures to take account sustainability principles, where the rational use and reuse of water appear as high relevance strategy. About the water reuse, it includes the wastewater reuse, treated or not, to meet less restrictive uses, promoting the water conservation, as well as preserving the best quality resource for its intended uses. In this way, has been evaluated in this work the feasibility of the planned direct reuse of the wastewater, from electroplating process and submitted to complementary reverse osmosis treatment, used as an input in parts washing process. The study was developed in an industry located in Botucatu city, São Paulo, through the operation of a one-stage reverse osmosis pilot-unit with spiral-wound membrane module, without recirculation. Along the experiment, to assess the operational performance system and its contaminants removal efficiency as well, four collection campaigns were conducted, totaling 173 samples. Operational performance of the reverse osmosis was evaluated through the following variables: permeate flow, concentrate flow, permeate flux, recovery, feed pressure, feed pH and permeate pH. 20,99% as recovery rate and favorable pH close to 6,50 were the main outcomes. Regarding the system efficiency, the contaminant removal has been assessed through the percentage of total dissolved solids in terms of electrical conductivity, resulting in average rejection factor of 96%. Based on the outcome of comparative assessment between permeate produced by the reverse osmosis system and the quality standard required to parts cleaning process, it may be concluded by the technical feasibility of the treated wastewater reuse as input in the manufacturing process. As regards the economic feasibility, the financial benefits would be achieved after the third year of the system operation. The presence of residual chlorine in the treated effluent from productive line 3 made it impossible to use it as feed water in the reverse osmosis system.
The increase of water demand for the different human activities, associated to the quality deterioration by several pollution sources, among them, industries, has significantly been undermined the potential of water resources, making them scarce in many regions or requiring greater investments and new technologies for its use. The comprehension of this scenario has subsidized the adoption of measures to take account sustainability principles, where the rational use and reuse of water appear as high relevance strategy. About the water reuse, it includes the wastewater reuse, treated or not, to meet less restrictive uses, promoting the water conservation, as well as preserving the best quality resource for its intended uses. In this way, has been evaluated in this work the feasibility of the planned direct reuse of the wastewater, from electroplating process and submitted to complementary reverse osmosis treatment, used as an input in parts washing process. The study was developed in an industry located in Botucatu city, São Paulo, through the operation of a one-stage reverse osmosis pilot-unit with spiral-wound membrane module, without recirculation. Along the experiment, to assess the operational performance system and its contaminants removal efficiency as well, four collection campaigns were conducted, totaling 173 samples. Operational performance of the reverse osmosis was evaluated through the following variables: permeate flow, concentrate flow, permeate flux, recovery, feed pressure, feed pH and permeate pH. 20,99% as recovery rate and favorable pH close to 6,50 were the main outcomes. Regarding the system efficiency, the contaminant removal has been assessed through the percentage of total dissolved solids in terms of electrical conductivity, resulting in average rejection factor of 96%. Based on the outcome of comparative assessment between permeate produced by the reverse osmosis system and the quality standard required to parts cleaning process, it may be concluded by the technical feasibility of the treated wastewater reuse as input in the manufacturing process. As regards the economic feasibility, the financial benefits would be achieved after the third year of the system operation. The presence of residual chlorine in the treated effluent from productive line 3 made it impossible to use it as feed water in the reverse osmosis system.
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Palavras-chave
Reúso, Efluentes industriais, Galvanoplastia, Osmose reversa, Reuse, Industrial wastewater, Electroplating, Reverse osmosis