A ictiofauna de um riacho costeiro em Cananeia - SP: composição, história natural e seu uso na implementação de atividade de turismo sustentável
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Data
2019-03-08
Autores
Souza, Gabriel Raposo Silva de
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Neste trabalho estudamos a composição, distribuição e história natural da comunidade de peixes em um riacho litorâneo da Mata Atlântica. Além disso, relatamos um estudo de caso envolvendo a utilização desta ictiofauna como ferramenta de divulgação e conscientização ambiental, no âmbito do projeto “Peixes do Lagamar”. Conduzimos os estudos ictiofaunísticos em três trechos do rio das Minas, no município de Cananeia, litoral sul do estado de São Paulo. Apesar de estar localizado, em sua maior parte, dentro do Parque Estadual do Lagamar de Cananeia, o rio das Minas não possuía registros a respeito de sua ictiofauna. Realizamos observações diretas (mergulho livre) e indiretas (BRUVS – Baited Remotely Underwater Video Station) durante dois anos (2017 e 2018) e coletas tradicionais (covo, picaré, puçá etc.) somente em uma campanha (set./2017). Ao todo, registramos 31 espécies, pertencentes a 14 famílias e cinco ordens, com 28 espécies no trecho a jusante, 17 no trecho intermediário e seis a montante, fato que esteve relacionado ao gradiente altitudinal existente entre os pontos de coleta. Descrevemos dois comportamentos para Geophagus brasiliensis: i) uma nova tática de forrageamento e ii) uma associação alimentar do tipo “nuclear-seguidor” com o lambari Deuterodon iguape. De forma complementar, realizamos estudos de capacidade de suporte no rio das Minas e em um outro riacho da região, o rio Mandira, identificando áreas com potencial de receber visitantes para a prática de atividades de flutuação e sugerindo medidas de manejo para esse fim. Promovemos cursos de capacitação para os moradores do entorno desses riachos, objetivando formar condutores locais aptos a fornecerem informações a respeito da ictiofauna e de turismo subaquático de mínimo impacto. Além disso, produzimos diferentes materiais que auxiliaram na disseminação e execução do projeto, além de promover a divulgação da fauna de peixes de riacho e a necessidade da sua conservação. A riqueza de espécies observada para o rio das Minas foi superior ao que se conhece para outros riachos litorâneos da Mata Atlântica, demonstrando a importância dos inventários em áreas relevantes para a conservação deste bioma. A descrição de dois novos comportamentos para peixes de riachos ressaltou a importância dos estudos naturalísticos para o melhor conhecimento das interações existentes nestes ambientes. A união de pesquisa e extensão reforçou o potencial de ações dessa natureza em transformar a realidade de pequenas comunidades, apresentando novas opções de fonte de renda e educação ambiental, utilizando os peixes de riachos e estes ambientes como cenário.
In this work, we study the composition, distribution and natural history of the fish community in a coastal stream of the Atlantic Forest. In addition, we report a case study involving the use of this ichthyofauna as a tool for dissemination and environmental awareness, within the scope of the "Peixes do Lagamar" project. We conducted the ichthyofaunistic studies in three stretches of the Rio das Minas, in the municipality of Cananeia, south coast of the state of São Paulo. Despite being located, for the most part, within the Lagamar de Cananeia State Park, the Rio das Minas had no records regarding its ichthyofauna. We conducted direct observations (snorkelling) and indirect observations (BRUVS - Baited Remotely Underwater Video Station) for two years (2017 and 2018) and traditional captures (fish trap, seine net, dip net and hook) in only one campaign (sep/2017). In total, we recorded 31 species, belonging to 14 families and five orders, with 28 species in the downstream section, 17 in the intermediate section and six upstream, a fact that was related to the altitudinal gradient existing between the collection points. We describe two behaviours for Geophagus brasiliensis: i) a new foraging tactic and ii) a "nuclear-follower" food association with tetra Deuterodon iguape. In addition, we carried out studies of carrying capacity in the Rio das Minas and another stream in the region, the Rio Mandira, identifying areas with potential to receive visitors for the practice of flotation activities and suggesting management measures for this purpose. We promote training courses for residents of the areas close of these streams, aiming to train local guides able to provide information on the ichthyofauna and underwater tourism with minimal impact. In addition, we produced different materials that aided in the dissemination and execution of the project, as well as promoting the dissemination of the stream fish fauna and the need for its conservation. The species richness observed for the Rio das Minas was superior to what is known for other coastal streams of the Atlantic Forest, demonstrating the importance of inventories in areas relevant to the conservation of this biome. The description of two new behaviours for stream fish emphasized the importance of naturalistic studies to better understand the interactions existing in these environments. The union of research and extension reinforced the potential of such actions in transforming the reality of small communities, presenting new sources of income and environmental education, using the stream fish and these environments as scenery.
In this work, we study the composition, distribution and natural history of the fish community in a coastal stream of the Atlantic Forest. In addition, we report a case study involving the use of this ichthyofauna as a tool for dissemination and environmental awareness, within the scope of the "Peixes do Lagamar" project. We conducted the ichthyofaunistic studies in three stretches of the Rio das Minas, in the municipality of Cananeia, south coast of the state of São Paulo. Despite being located, for the most part, within the Lagamar de Cananeia State Park, the Rio das Minas had no records regarding its ichthyofauna. We conducted direct observations (snorkelling) and indirect observations (BRUVS - Baited Remotely Underwater Video Station) for two years (2017 and 2018) and traditional captures (fish trap, seine net, dip net and hook) in only one campaign (sep/2017). In total, we recorded 31 species, belonging to 14 families and five orders, with 28 species in the downstream section, 17 in the intermediate section and six upstream, a fact that was related to the altitudinal gradient existing between the collection points. We describe two behaviours for Geophagus brasiliensis: i) a new foraging tactic and ii) a "nuclear-follower" food association with tetra Deuterodon iguape. In addition, we carried out studies of carrying capacity in the Rio das Minas and another stream in the region, the Rio Mandira, identifying areas with potential to receive visitors for the practice of flotation activities and suggesting management measures for this purpose. We promote training courses for residents of the areas close of these streams, aiming to train local guides able to provide information on the ichthyofauna and underwater tourism with minimal impact. In addition, we produced different materials that aided in the dissemination and execution of the project, as well as promoting the dissemination of the stream fish fauna and the need for its conservation. The species richness observed for the Rio das Minas was superior to what is known for other coastal streams of the Atlantic Forest, demonstrating the importance of inventories in areas relevant to the conservation of this biome. The description of two new behaviours for stream fish emphasized the importance of naturalistic studies to better understand the interactions existing in these environments. The union of research and extension reinforced the potential of such actions in transforming the reality of small communities, presenting new sources of income and environmental education, using the stream fish and these environments as scenery.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Peixes de riacho, Métodos não letais, Geophagus brasiliensis, Turismo de base comunitária, Mata Atlântica, Stream fish, Non-lethal methods, Geophagus brasiliensis, Community-based tourism, Atlantic forest