Comportamento empoderador do líder na atenção primária em saúde
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Data
2019-02-28
Autores
Silva, Fernanda Marques
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A Política Nacional de Atenção Básica estabelece que uma das atribuições do enfermeiro na Atenção Primária a Saúde é a atividade gerencial. No contexto brasileiro o agente desse processo é com quase exclusividade o enfermeiro e para a realização deste uma das funções fundamentais do enfermeiro é o exercício da liderança. No entanto, a liderança é um fenômeno complexo, que deve ser visto sob três ângulos: o comportamento/ personalidade do líder, o contexto em que esta competência ocorre e quem são os liderados. As teorias de empoderamento têm sido associadas com estratégias que possibilitam ao líder atingir resultados no contexto de seu trabalho, despertando o interesse da enfermagem para a articulação desses referenciais teóricos na prática gerencial. Considerando que o gerenciamento é fundamental para o exercício profissional da enfermagem, pois proporciona o processo de cuidado, educativo e de pesquisa, a pergunta dessa pesquisa é: Como é percebido pelo enfermeiro da Atenção Primária a Saúde o comportamento do líder para o empoderamento de sua equipe? Objetivo: Compreender o comportamento para o empoderamento da equipe do gerente de unidades básicas de saúde. Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa. Foi adotada a análise de conteúdo como referencial metodológico. Os participantes foram os gerentes de enfermagem de unidades básicas de saúde. A coleta de dados aconteceu por meio de entrevistas audiogravadas e semiestruturadas com a questão norteadora: “Segundo sua perspectiva, como acontece o empoderamento da equipe de enfermagem nesta unidade de saúde?” Resultado: As unidades de significado resgatadas de cada depoimento foram reorganizadas em três temas: “Aspectos relacionados a organização”, “Aspectos relacionados ao trabalho em equipe” e “Aspectos relacionados ao indivíduo”. O primeiro tema abrangeu o processo de trabalho, estabelecimento de metas para a consecução deste trabalho, falta de compreensão dos usuários no que concerne as reuniões de equipe e sobrecarga de trabalho pelas múltiplas atividades do enfermeiro gerente na Atenção Primária à Saúde. O segundo tema, “Aspectos relacionados ao trabalho em equipe” contemplou o trabalho em equipe propriamente dito, reunião de equipe, responsabilidade compartilhada, resolução de conflitos e comunicação reduzido dos membros da equipe. O terceiro e última tema desvelou a participação da equipe, o processo de tomada de decisão, conhecimento para o exercício do trabalho e autonomia. Considerações Finais: A realização deste estudo permitiu conhecer o comportamento de liderança dos gerentes de unidades básicas de uma cidade do interior paulista, desvelando ser um tema fundamental para o processo de trabalho. A percepção dos participantes sobre o comportamento para empoderar a equipe é positiva e envolve a coresponsabilização da equipe
The National Policy of Basic Attention establishes that one of the duties of the nurse in Primary Health Care is the managerial activity. In the Brazilian context the agent of this process is exclusively the nurse and for the accomplishment of this one of the fundamental functions of the nurse is the exercise of leadership. However, leadership is a complex phenomenon, which must be seen from three angles: the behavior / personality of the leader, the context in which this competence occurs and who are the leaders. Empowerment theories have been associated with strategies that enable the leader to achieve results in the context of his work, arousing the interest of nursing to articulate these theoretical references in managerial practice. Considering that management is fundamental to the professional practice of nursing, since it provides the process of care, education and research, the question of this research is: How is perceived by the nurse of Primary Health Care the behavior of the leader for the empowerment of his team? Objective: To understand the behavior towards the empowerment of the manager team of basic health units. Method: This is a qualitative research. Content analysis was adopted as a methodological framework. Participants were the nursing managers of basic health units. Data collection took place through audio-visual and semi-structured interviews with the guiding question: "According to their perspective, how does the empowerment of the nursing team in this health unit?" Result: The significance units rescued from each testimony were reorganized into three topics: "Aspects related to organization", "Aspects related to teamwork" and "Aspects related to the individual". The first theme covered the work process, establishment of goals for the achievement of this work, lack of understanding of the users regarding team meetings and overload of work by the multiple activities of the nurse manager in Primary Health Care. The second theme, "Aspects related to teamwork" included teamwork as such, team meeting, shared responsibility, conflict resolution and reduced communication of team members. The third and last theme revealed the participation of the team, the decision-making process, knowledge for the exercise of work and autonomy. Final Considerations: This study allowed to know the leadership behavior of managers of basic units of a city in the interior of São Paulo, revealing to be a fundamental theme for the work process. The participants' perception of behavior to empower the team is positive and involves team coresponsibility.
The National Policy of Basic Attention establishes that one of the duties of the nurse in Primary Health Care is the managerial activity. In the Brazilian context the agent of this process is exclusively the nurse and for the accomplishment of this one of the fundamental functions of the nurse is the exercise of leadership. However, leadership is a complex phenomenon, which must be seen from three angles: the behavior / personality of the leader, the context in which this competence occurs and who are the leaders. Empowerment theories have been associated with strategies that enable the leader to achieve results in the context of his work, arousing the interest of nursing to articulate these theoretical references in managerial practice. Considering that management is fundamental to the professional practice of nursing, since it provides the process of care, education and research, the question of this research is: How is perceived by the nurse of Primary Health Care the behavior of the leader for the empowerment of his team? Objective: To understand the behavior towards the empowerment of the manager team of basic health units. Method: This is a qualitative research. Content analysis was adopted as a methodological framework. Participants were the nursing managers of basic health units. Data collection took place through audio-visual and semi-structured interviews with the guiding question: "According to their perspective, how does the empowerment of the nursing team in this health unit?" Result: The significance units rescued from each testimony were reorganized into three topics: "Aspects related to organization", "Aspects related to teamwork" and "Aspects related to the individual". The first theme covered the work process, establishment of goals for the achievement of this work, lack of understanding of the users regarding team meetings and overload of work by the multiple activities of the nurse manager in Primary Health Care. The second theme, "Aspects related to teamwork" included teamwork as such, team meeting, shared responsibility, conflict resolution and reduced communication of team members. The third and last theme revealed the participation of the team, the decision-making process, knowledge for the exercise of work and autonomy. Final Considerations: This study allowed to know the leadership behavior of managers of basic units of a city in the interior of São Paulo, revealing to be a fundamental theme for the work process. The participants' perception of behavior to empower the team is positive and involves team coresponsibility.
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Palavras-chave
Enfermagem, Gerenciamento da prática profissional, Atenção primária a Saúde, Poder, Liderança, Nursing, Management of professional practice, Primary health care, Power, Leadership