Etnobiologia dos catadores do caranguejo-uçá Ucides cordatus (Linnaeus, 1763), no manguezal do Rio Itanhaém, SP: Bases para a educação e gestão.
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Data
2019-05-13
Autores
Souza, Fernanda Vargas Barbi de
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A Etnobiologia é uma disciplina que auxilia a melhor compreensão dos processos de investigação que envolvem o homem e a natureza, trazendo informações importantes ao manejo e gestão dos ecossistemas e recursos naturais. O caranguejo-uçá é um crustáceo decápodo endêmico de manguezais, intimamente associado à sua vegetação arbórea, encontrando-se distribuído por todo este ecossistema no litoral brasileiro. Desempenha importante papel nos processos ecossistêmicos, participando ativamente da bioturbação dos sedimentos, do fluxo da matéria orgânica e energia, afetando toda a cadeia trófica dos ambientes costeiros. Dessa forma, o presente estudo visa levantar informações socioeconômicas, bem como conhecimentos etnobiológicos dos catadores do caranguejo-uçá do Estuário do Rio Itanhaém (SP), relativos aos eventos biológicos (crescimento e reprodução) desta espécie, bem como do período de defeso, técnicas e localização das áreas de captura e sobre sua percepção quanto a conservação dos manguezais. Mais do que isso, tais resultados do conhecimento empírico foram confrontados aos dados científicos disponíveis na literatura carcinológica. Como hipótese inicial indicamos que os dados etnocarcinológicos do caranguejo-uçá (biologia, extração e período de defeso) fossem confirmados em mais de 70% pelos dados científicos já obtidos. Os catadores de caranguejo conhecidos, bem como outros por eles indicados (técnica snow ball) foram indagados através de um questionário quanto a ocorrência mensal, durante um ano, sobre os estágios biológicos do caranguejo-uçá, em especial relativos à época de crescimento (maiores incidências de muda e do “caranguejo-leite”) e época reprodutiva (“andada”, briga entre machos, cópula e registro de fêmeas ovígeras), no manguezal do Rio Itanhaém (SP). Além disso, foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico sobre estes eventos biológicos e seu período de ocorrência, confrontando estes dados com aqueles oriundos do conhecimento etnobiológico. Foram entrevistados nove catadores de caranguejo que atuam nos manguezais do Rio Itanhaém, quantidade esta que superou em 80% o número indicado pela colônia de pescadores para a área em estudo. O período de muda indicado pelos catadores (junho a dezembro: 7 meses) foi mais amplo do que o constatado pela literatura (julho a novembro: 5 meses), sendo confirmada uma associação positiva e significativa entre a incidência de muda e o registro do caranguejo-leite (r=0,87; p<0,05), com correspondência de 80% ao conhecimento científico. Os resultados obtidos para os quatro estágios biológicos relacionados à reprodução, apresentaram correlação positiva e significativa entre si (r≥0,92; p<0,05), com 76,2% de confirmação pelos dados científicos. De modo geral, os resultados etnobiológicos obtidos confirmaram 77,4% das informações previamente obtidas pelo método científico, reforçando a relevância e acuidade do conhecimento tradicional por percepção humana na interpretação de dados da natureza.
Ethnobiology is a discipline that contributes to a better understanding of research processes that involve people and nature, bringing important information to the management of ecosystems and natural resources. The uçá-crab is a decapod crustacean endemic to mangroves, closely associated with its arboreal vegetation, found and distributed throughout this ecosystem on the Brazilian coast. This kind of crab has an important role in ecosystem processes, actively participating in bioturbation of the sediments and of the organic matter flow and energy, affecting the entire trophic chain of coastal environments. That way, the present study aims to collect socioeconomic information, as well as ethnobiological knowledge of the uçá-crab gatherers from the Itanhaém river estuary (SP), related to the biological events (growth and reproduction) of this crab species. Besides, we collected information about closed season, techniques and location of the gather areas and the perception of the crab gatherers about mangrove conservation. More than that, the results of the empirical knowledge have been compared with the scientific data available in the carcinological literature. As an initial hypothesis we indicate that the ethnocarcinological data of the uçá-crab (biology, extraction and closed season) were confirmed in more than 70% by the scientific data already obtained. The crab gatherers, as well as others indicated by them (snow ball technique), were asked monthly, for a year, by way of a questionnaire about the occurrence of the biological stages of uçá-crab, especially during the growing season (increased incidence of molting and of milk crab), in the mangrove of the Itanhaém river (SP). In addition, we carried out a bibliographic survey about these biological events and their period of occurrence, comparing these data with those originating from ethnobiological knowledge. Nine crab gatherers who work in Itanhaém river mangroves have been interviewed, they represent an amount that exceeded by 80% the number indicated by the fishermen colony for the study area. The molting period indicated by the gatherers (June to December: 7 months) was broader than that reported in the literature (July to November: 5 months), confirming a positive and significant association between the incidence of molting and crab milk (r = 0.87, p <0.05), with 80% correspondence to scientific knowledge. The results obtained for the four biological stages related to the reproduction showed a positive and significant correlation (r≥0.92, p <0.05), with a confirmation of 76.2% by scientific data. In general, the ethnobiological results obtained confirmed 77.4% of the information previously obtained by the scientific method, reinforcing the relevance and acuity of the traditional knowledge by human perception in the interpretation of nature data.
Ethnobiology is a discipline that contributes to a better understanding of research processes that involve people and nature, bringing important information to the management of ecosystems and natural resources. The uçá-crab is a decapod crustacean endemic to mangroves, closely associated with its arboreal vegetation, found and distributed throughout this ecosystem on the Brazilian coast. This kind of crab has an important role in ecosystem processes, actively participating in bioturbation of the sediments and of the organic matter flow and energy, affecting the entire trophic chain of coastal environments. That way, the present study aims to collect socioeconomic information, as well as ethnobiological knowledge of the uçá-crab gatherers from the Itanhaém river estuary (SP), related to the biological events (growth and reproduction) of this crab species. Besides, we collected information about closed season, techniques and location of the gather areas and the perception of the crab gatherers about mangrove conservation. More than that, the results of the empirical knowledge have been compared with the scientific data available in the carcinological literature. As an initial hypothesis we indicate that the ethnocarcinological data of the uçá-crab (biology, extraction and closed season) were confirmed in more than 70% by the scientific data already obtained. The crab gatherers, as well as others indicated by them (snow ball technique), were asked monthly, for a year, by way of a questionnaire about the occurrence of the biological stages of uçá-crab, especially during the growing season (increased incidence of molting and of milk crab), in the mangrove of the Itanhaém river (SP). In addition, we carried out a bibliographic survey about these biological events and their period of occurrence, comparing these data with those originating from ethnobiological knowledge. Nine crab gatherers who work in Itanhaém river mangroves have been interviewed, they represent an amount that exceeded by 80% the number indicated by the fishermen colony for the study area. The molting period indicated by the gatherers (June to December: 7 months) was broader than that reported in the literature (July to November: 5 months), confirming a positive and significant association between the incidence of molting and crab milk (r = 0.87, p <0.05), with 80% correspondence to scientific knowledge. The results obtained for the four biological stages related to the reproduction showed a positive and significant correlation (r≥0.92, p <0.05), with a confirmation of 76.2% by scientific data. In general, the ethnobiological results obtained confirmed 77.4% of the information previously obtained by the scientific method, reinforcing the relevance and acuity of the traditional knowledge by human perception in the interpretation of nature data.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Caranguejeiros, Estuário, Etnologia, Pesca, Preservação, Crab gatherers, Estuary, Ethnology, Fishing, Preservation