Modelo matemático para minimização dos custos com energia elétrica na operação de bombas hidráulicas
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Data
2019-05-31
Autores
Miquelin, Letícia Maria
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os sistemas de abastecimento de água são de fundamental importância pois são responsáveis por levar água de qualidade a população. No Brasil, para as empresas de saneamento, o custo da energia elétrica é cobrado de acordo com a hora do dia, sendo o horário compreendido entre as 18h e as 21h chamado de horário de pico, onde a energia elétrica é mais cara. Grande parte dos gastos com energia elétrica nos sistemas de abastecimento de água são atribuídos as bombas hidráulicas, que, no geral, são acionadas quando os níveis dos tanques chegam ao mínimo, permanecendo ligadas até que se atinjam seus níveis máximos, sem levar em consideração o horário em que esta operação é feita. Diante disto, este trabalho propõe um modelo matemático para a otimização energética mais próximo da realidade dos sistemas de abastecimento de água. Testes numéricos foram realizados através da implementação do modelo no software GAMS e resolvido pelo pacote de otimização CPLEX para diferentes instâncias, afim de validar o modelo proposto e a comprovar à eficiência do planejamento da operação das bombas hidráulicas em relação a operação feita na prática nos sistemas de abastecimento de água.
Water supply systems are of fundamental importance once they are responsible for providing quality water to the population. In Brazil, for sanitation companies, the cost of electricity is charged according to the period of the day, with the period between 6 and 9 p.m. known as the peak hours, during which electricity is more expensive. The majority of costs with electricity in the water supply systems are due to the hydraulic pumps, which are, usually, activated when tank levels reach the minimum level and then they remain on until their maximum levels are reached, without taking into account the period during which this operation is performed. With this in mind, this study proposes a mathematical model for the electricity usage optimization closer to the reality in water supply systems. Numerical tests were performed through the implementation of the GAMS software model and solved by the CPLEX optimization package for different instances, in order to validate the proposed model and to prove the efficiency of the planning of the operation of hydraulic pumps about the operation made in practice in water supply systems.
Water supply systems are of fundamental importance once they are responsible for providing quality water to the population. In Brazil, for sanitation companies, the cost of electricity is charged according to the period of the day, with the period between 6 and 9 p.m. known as the peak hours, during which electricity is more expensive. The majority of costs with electricity in the water supply systems are due to the hydraulic pumps, which are, usually, activated when tank levels reach the minimum level and then they remain on until their maximum levels are reached, without taking into account the period during which this operation is performed. With this in mind, this study proposes a mathematical model for the electricity usage optimization closer to the reality in water supply systems. Numerical tests were performed through the implementation of the GAMS software model and solved by the CPLEX optimization package for different instances, in order to validate the proposed model and to prove the efficiency of the planning of the operation of hydraulic pumps about the operation made in practice in water supply systems.
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Palavras-chave
Energia elétrica, Sistemas de abastecimento de água, Bombas hidráulicas, Otimização, Electricity, Water supply systems, Hydraulic pumps, Optimization