Estudo de eficácia e segurança (citotoxicidade) do ácido gálico incorporado a um sistema emulsionado.
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Data
2019-06-25
Autores
Custodio, Alessandra Aparecida Cruz
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A busca por ativos naturais que apresentem mais de uma função em uma única formulação é pautada em um novo conceito de praticidade e economia, estando em acordo com a visão crítica do consumidor moderno. Neste contexto, a presença dos compostos fenólicos em plantas tem sido estudada por estes apresentarem diversas atividades farmacológicas e cosméticas. Os ácidos hidroxibenzoicos fazem parte desse grupo de compostos orgânicos, sendo o ácido gálico um de seus representantes, conhecido principalmente por sua atividade antioxidante. Um grande número de formulações tópicas contendo antioxidantes tem sido lançado nos últimos anos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a eficácia do ácido gálico para uso cosmético. Para escolha dos solventes utilizados no estudo levou-se em consideração o desenvolvimento sustentável da pesquisa, ou seja a utilização de solventes verdes. Para a avaliação da atividade antioxidante foram utilizados dois métodos diferentes o DPPH e o ABTS. Também foi realizada a avaliação das atividades despigmentantes, antimicrobiana, citotóxica, bem como estudos da formulação desenvolvida, como: estabilidade, liberação, permeação e retenção, através de experimentos in vitro. Os resultados demonstram que o ácido gálico é um potente antioxidante, suas ações despigmentante e antimicrobiana também foram comprovadas. Pelos estudos de citotoxidade in vitro pode-se constatar que a porcentagem de ácido gálico utilizada na emulsão desenvolvida é segura. A validação da metodologia por CLAE garantiu todos os parâmetros necessários para a quantificação segura do ácido gálico na emulsão, sendo eles, a seletividade, linearidade, precisão, limite de detecção e quantificação, exatidão e robustez. Através dos ensaios de liberação, permeação e retenção cutânea, foi possível constatar que ocorreu a liberação de 50% do ácido gálico presente na formulação em 4h e a maior quantidade permeada do ácido gálico se encontrou retida na epiderme e derme, local em que se pretende que atue. A emulsão manteve-se estável ao longo dos 90 dias de analise, suportando diferentes condições de estresse, garantindo a qualidade e suas características iniciais. Conclui-se, portanto que o ácido gálico pode ser utilizado como um ativo multifuncional, por ter todas as atividades propostas comprovadas.
The search for natural assets that present more than one function in a single formulation is based on a new concept of practicality and economy, being in agreement with the critical view of the modern consumer. In this context, the presence of phenolic compounds in plants has been studied because they present several pharmacological and cosmetic activities. Hydroxybenzoic acids are part of this group of organic compounds, and gallic acid is one of its representatives, known mainly for its antioxidant activity. A large number of topical formulations containing antioxidants have been launched in recent years. The objective of this work was to study the efficacy of gallic acid for cosmetic use. To choose the solvents used in the study took into consideration the sustainable development of the research, ie the use of green solvents. For the evaluation of the antioxidant activity, two different methods were used: DPPH and ABTS. The evaluation of depigmenting activities, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, as well as studies of the developed formulation, such as: stability, release, permeation and retention, were carried out through in vitro experiments. The results demonstrate that gallic acid is a potent antioxidant, its depigmenting and antimicrobial actions have also been proven. By in vitro cytotoxicity studies it can be verified that the percentage of gallic acid used in the developed emulsion is safe. The validation of the methodology by HPLC ensured all parameters necessary for the safe quantification of gallic acid in the emulsion, being: selectivity, linearity, precision, limit of detection and quantification, accuracy and robustness. Through the release, permeation and skin retention tests, it was possible to verify that 50% of the gallic acid present in the formulation was released in 4h and the greater permeate of gallic acid was found in the epidermis and dermis, where it is intended that acts. The emulsion remained stable throughout the 90 days of analysis, supporting different stress conditions, guaranteeing the quality and its initial characteristics. It is concluded, therefore, that gallic acid can be used as a multifunctional active, because all proposed activities are proven.
The search for natural assets that present more than one function in a single formulation is based on a new concept of practicality and economy, being in agreement with the critical view of the modern consumer. In this context, the presence of phenolic compounds in plants has been studied because they present several pharmacological and cosmetic activities. Hydroxybenzoic acids are part of this group of organic compounds, and gallic acid is one of its representatives, known mainly for its antioxidant activity. A large number of topical formulations containing antioxidants have been launched in recent years. The objective of this work was to study the efficacy of gallic acid for cosmetic use. To choose the solvents used in the study took into consideration the sustainable development of the research, ie the use of green solvents. For the evaluation of the antioxidant activity, two different methods were used: DPPH and ABTS. The evaluation of depigmenting activities, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, as well as studies of the developed formulation, such as: stability, release, permeation and retention, were carried out through in vitro experiments. The results demonstrate that gallic acid is a potent antioxidant, its depigmenting and antimicrobial actions have also been proven. By in vitro cytotoxicity studies it can be verified that the percentage of gallic acid used in the developed emulsion is safe. The validation of the methodology by HPLC ensured all parameters necessary for the safe quantification of gallic acid in the emulsion, being: selectivity, linearity, precision, limit of detection and quantification, accuracy and robustness. Through the release, permeation and skin retention tests, it was possible to verify that 50% of the gallic acid present in the formulation was released in 4h and the greater permeate of gallic acid was found in the epidermis and dermis, where it is intended that acts. The emulsion remained stable throughout the 90 days of analysis, supporting different stress conditions, guaranteeing the quality and its initial characteristics. It is concluded, therefore, that gallic acid can be used as a multifunctional active, because all proposed activities are proven.
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Palavras-chave
Ácido gálico, Emulsão, Permeação Cutânea, Antioxidante, Antimicrobiano, Gallic acid, Emulsion, Cutaneous Permeation, Antioxidant., Antimicrobial