Aspectos morais na concepção e prática de líderes religiosos: um estudo exploratório
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Data
2019-08-02
Autores
Costa, Rodrigo Cesar [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A crise nos principais cenários políticos e econômicos, a crescente violência e o mal-estar gerado por esses acontecimentos vêm se destacando na atualidade. Essas indagações contemporâneas levam muitos pesquisadores a se perguntarem quais são as raízes de tais problemas, e parte desses estudiosos se questionam sobre as mudanças nos valores morais. Dentre tantas possibilidades para se pensar sobre a complexidade dessa crise, focamos na moralidade nos dias atuais. Dentre os paradigmas morais na contemporaneidade, podemos salientar a religião e o quanto sua influência na dinâmica social tem se destacado. As instituições religiosas têm ganhado cada vez mais força na participação nos setores sociais, políticos, midiáticos e econômicos, principalmente na transmissão de valores feitas pelos líderes religiosos, procurando resgatar bons costumes, se adaptar aos novos paradigmas culturais e intervir diretamente nesses campos. Desta forma, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi conhecer e analisar a concepção de moralidade e valores morais de líderes religiosos e como eles transmitem esses valores. Para tanto, procuramos compreender a moralidade e os valores morais de algumas religiões e como os principais conceitos das mesmas foram construídos e disseminados. Dentre as religiões que foram o foco de nosso estudo estão: o cristianismo e o budismo. Também avaliamos a compreensão de religião e religiosidade na concepção de líderes religiosos cristãos e budistas; e refletimos sobre as relações entre moral e religiosidade. A abordagem metodológica desta pesquisa, com base no aporte teórico da Psicologia da Moralidade, é de caráter qualitativo e contempla uma parte de estudo bibliográfico e um estudo de caso referente aos líderes religiosos. No estudo de caso com os líderes religiosos, utilizamos o estudo qualitativo, assim como mencionado anteriormente. A pesquisa qualitativa refere-se à ciência da interpretação qualitativa do que é dito. Diferentemente das propostas quantitativas, nesse tipo de pesquisa o que mais interessa ao investigador é a análise aprofundada do fenômeno pesquisado. Com a transcrição das observações e das entrevistas com os líderes religiosos participantes, concluímos que os líderes demonstraram uma ligação forte com os preceitos religiosos, e por mais que alguns demonstraram flexibilidade, ou até mesmo uma crítica subjetiva, a predominância do discurso religioso estava presente.
The crisis in the main political and economic scenarios, the growing violence and the malaise generated by these events are becoming prominent today. These contemporary inquiries lead many researchers to wonder what the roots of such problems are, and some of these scholars question the changes in moral values. Among so many possibilities to think about the complexity of this crisis, we focus on morality in the present day. By all of the moral paradigms in the contemporaneity, we can emphasize the religion and how much its influence in the social dynamics has stood out. Religious institutions have been gaining strength participation in the social, political, media and economic sectors, especially in the transmission of values made by religious leaders, seeking to recover good customs, to adapt to new cultural paradigms and to intervene directly in these fields. In this way, the purpose of this research was to know and analyze the conception of morality and moral values of religious leaders and how they convey these values. To do so, we seek to understand the morality and moral values of some religions and how the main concepts of the religions were constructed and disseminated. Amid the religions that were the focus of our study are: Christianity and Buddhism. We also evaluated the understanding of religion and religiosity in the conception of Christian and Buddhist religious leaders; and we reflect on the relationship between morality and religiosity. The methodological approach of this research, based on the theoretical contribution of Morality Psychology, is qualitative and includes a part of a bibliographic study and a case study concerning religious leaders. In the case study with religious leaders, we used the qualitative study, as mentioned previously. Qualitative research refers to the science of qualitative interpretation of what is said. Differently from the quantitative proposals, in this type of research what is most interesting to the researcher is the in-depth analysis of the phenomenon researched. With the transcription of observations and interviews with participating religious leaders, we conclude that leaders demonstrated a strong connection with religious precepts, and although some demonstrated flexibility, or even subjective criticism, the predominance of religious discourse was present.
The crisis in the main political and economic scenarios, the growing violence and the malaise generated by these events are becoming prominent today. These contemporary inquiries lead many researchers to wonder what the roots of such problems are, and some of these scholars question the changes in moral values. Among so many possibilities to think about the complexity of this crisis, we focus on morality in the present day. By all of the moral paradigms in the contemporaneity, we can emphasize the religion and how much its influence in the social dynamics has stood out. Religious institutions have been gaining strength participation in the social, political, media and economic sectors, especially in the transmission of values made by religious leaders, seeking to recover good customs, to adapt to new cultural paradigms and to intervene directly in these fields. In this way, the purpose of this research was to know and analyze the conception of morality and moral values of religious leaders and how they convey these values. To do so, we seek to understand the morality and moral values of some religions and how the main concepts of the religions were constructed and disseminated. Amid the religions that were the focus of our study are: Christianity and Buddhism. We also evaluated the understanding of religion and religiosity in the conception of Christian and Buddhist religious leaders; and we reflect on the relationship between morality and religiosity. The methodological approach of this research, based on the theoretical contribution of Morality Psychology, is qualitative and includes a part of a bibliographic study and a case study concerning religious leaders. In the case study with religious leaders, we used the qualitative study, as mentioned previously. Qualitative research refers to the science of qualitative interpretation of what is said. Differently from the quantitative proposals, in this type of research what is most interesting to the researcher is the in-depth analysis of the phenomenon researched. With the transcription of observations and interviews with participating religious leaders, we conclude that leaders demonstrated a strong connection with religious precepts, and although some demonstrated flexibility, or even subjective criticism, the predominance of religious discourse was present.
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Palavras-chave
Religiosidade., Psicologia e religião., Budismo., Cristianismo., Líderes Religiosos.