Irrigação por sulcos com efluente de fossa séptica biodigestora como fonte de nitrogênio na cultura do milho
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Data
2019-07-30
Autores
Abreu, Pedro Alcantara da Silva
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a utilização do efluente de esgoto tratado em fossa séptica biodigestora na cultura do milho, utilizando irrigação por sulco, e avaliando se o efluente doméstico tratado causou efeitos no solo e na produção da cultura. O experimento foi conduzido no Laboratório de Referência Nacional em Agricultura de Precisão (LANAPRE) pertencente a Embrapa Instrumentação, na cidade de São Carlos, SP. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados (DBC), com quatro tratamentos e três repetições. Os tratamentos foram compostos por parcelas adubadas com NPK (ureia, superfosfato simples e cloreto de potássio), EfPK (efluente, superfosfato simples e cloreto de potássio), Ef (efluente) e PK (superfosfato simples e cloreto de potássio). Nos tratamentos NPK e PK a irrigação foi feita somente com água e nos tratamentos EfPK e Ef a irrigação foi feita com efluente doméstico tratado e complementada com água. As fontes do efluente doméstico tratado e da água, foram, respectivamente, a fossa séptica biodigestora e a água para irrigação de poço artesiano, ambos localizados no local do experimento. Foram avaliados os parâmetros de planta (altura de planta, diâmetro de colmo e índice de área foliar), características de produção da espiga (comprimento de espiga; diâmetro de espiga, sabugo e comprimento de grão no ápice, parte média e base da espiga; massa de espiga, massa de grãos, produtividade de grãos, massa média de grão, massa de 1000 grãos, número de grãos por espiga, número de fileiras de grãos por espiga, número médio de grãos por fileira), matéria verde e seca totais, índice relativos de clorofila, acúmulo de nitrogênio em diferentes partes da planta (colmo+pendão, folha, sabugo, palha e grão) e efeitos do efluente nos atributos químicos do solo. O uso do EfPK viabilizou valores de parâmetros da planta, características de produção da espiga, e matéria verde e seca totais estatisticamente iguais a adubação com NPK. Os índices relativos de clorofila, o tratamento NPK resultou em valores superiores aos demais tratamentos. No acúmulo de nitrogênio na planta foram encontrados os maiores valores no tratamento NPK. Quantos aos efeitos nos atributos químicos do solo, somente o tratamento EfPK viabilizou o aumento da soma de base e da capacidade de troca de cátions). Os resultados desta pesquisa mostraram que a irrigação por sulco é adequada para distribuição do efluente da fossa séptica biodigestora e o efluente tratado como fonte de nitrogênio é uma técnica viável para substituir fontes químicas de N.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the application of treated wastewater derived from biodigester septic tank tank, for corn (Zea mays L.) production by furrow irrigation system, in order to verify the effects of the treated domestic effluent in both soil properties and crop parameters. The field experiment took place at the National Reference Laboratory in Precision Agriculture (LANAPRE), which belongs to Embrapa Instrumentation center and is located at the city of São Carlos, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. It was adopted a randomized block design (RBD) with three replications and four treatments. The treatments correspond to the combinations of different fertilizers sources of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium as follow: urea, simple superphosphate and potassium chloride (NPK); treated effluent, simple superphosphate and potassium chloride (EfPK); simple superphosphate and potassium chloride (PK) and only the treated effluent (Ef). Irrigation was performed using only water on NPK and PK plots and domestic effluent supplemented by water on EfPK and Ef plots. The sources of treated domestic effluent and water were a biodigester septic tank and an artesian well, respectively, both located at the experimental site. The following parameters were evaluated: crop growth (plant height, stalk diameter and leaf area index), yield traits (ear weight, length and diameter; cob length and diameter; kernels length at the top, middle and the bottom of ear; kernels total, mean and a thousand grains weight; kernels yield; total and mean number of kernels on ear; number of kernels rows on ear), total fresh and dry matter, chlorophyll relative indixes, nitrogen accumulation in different parts of the plant (tassel, leaf, cob, husk and kernels) and the effects of the effluent in soil chemical properties. There were no statistically significant differences in the plant growth parameters, yield traits and total fresh and dry matter from treatment EfPK and NPK. Higher nitrogen accumulation was related to the NPK treatment. Only the EfPK treatment allows increasing in sum of exchangeable bases and cation exchange capacity. This research showed that the furrow irrigation system is suitable for the application of effluent derived from biodigester septic tank and the fertilization with treated wastewater is a feasible alternative practice to chemical sources of N.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the application of treated wastewater derived from biodigester septic tank tank, for corn (Zea mays L.) production by furrow irrigation system, in order to verify the effects of the treated domestic effluent in both soil properties and crop parameters. The field experiment took place at the National Reference Laboratory in Precision Agriculture (LANAPRE), which belongs to Embrapa Instrumentation center and is located at the city of São Carlos, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. It was adopted a randomized block design (RBD) with three replications and four treatments. The treatments correspond to the combinations of different fertilizers sources of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium as follow: urea, simple superphosphate and potassium chloride (NPK); treated effluent, simple superphosphate and potassium chloride (EfPK); simple superphosphate and potassium chloride (PK) and only the treated effluent (Ef). Irrigation was performed using only water on NPK and PK plots and domestic effluent supplemented by water on EfPK and Ef plots. The sources of treated domestic effluent and water were a biodigester septic tank and an artesian well, respectively, both located at the experimental site. The following parameters were evaluated: crop growth (plant height, stalk diameter and leaf area index), yield traits (ear weight, length and diameter; cob length and diameter; kernels length at the top, middle and the bottom of ear; kernels total, mean and a thousand grains weight; kernels yield; total and mean number of kernels on ear; number of kernels rows on ear), total fresh and dry matter, chlorophyll relative indixes, nitrogen accumulation in different parts of the plant (tassel, leaf, cob, husk and kernels) and the effects of the effluent in soil chemical properties. There were no statistically significant differences in the plant growth parameters, yield traits and total fresh and dry matter from treatment EfPK and NPK. Higher nitrogen accumulation was related to the NPK treatment. Only the EfPK treatment allows increasing in sum of exchangeable bases and cation exchange capacity. This research showed that the furrow irrigation system is suitable for the application of effluent derived from biodigester septic tank and the fertilization with treated wastewater is a feasible alternative practice to chemical sources of N.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Agricultura irrigada, Irrigação por sulco, Fontes de nitrogênio, Tratamento anaeróbico, Efluente de esgoto tratado, Reuso agrícola