O trabalho infantil no Brasil: das motivações para o trabalho de crianças e adolescentes às necessárias medidas para sua erradicação
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Data
2019-09-10
Autores
Pires, Adriano Roque
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Apesar do esforço das normativas internacionais, da Constituição Federal e da legislação brasileira para a erradicação do trabalho infantil, há, ainda, 1,714 milhões de crianças e adolescentes trabalhando em situação irregular nos setores mais diversos da atividade econômica nacional. Crianças e adolescentes têm obtido autorizações judiciais para trabalhar antes da idade permitida por lei e, desse modo, o Estado-Juiz, detentor do dever constitucional de conferir proteção integral à infância e adolescência e a zelar prioritariamente pelo seu bem-estar, tem chancelado que sejam submetidos a condições degradantes de vida e de trabalho, em prejuízo de seus desenvolvimentos físico, psicológico, educacional e social, perdendo o direito de viver a fase imprescindível da infância, na qual se deve preocupar-se apenas com o brincar e o estudar, restando comprometidas as chances de uma vida adulta saudável e capaz de assegurar a competitividade do mercado de trabalho. Dessa forma, o ciclo vicioso da pobreza se perpetua, a mão de obra infantil se torna uma constante e o trabalho não traz dignidade às pessoas por não conseguir emancipá-las. Portanto, o objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar as motivações dos requerimentos de autorização judicial para o trabalho infantil, bem como os argumentos para sua concessão, além da competência, atuação e políticas públicas de enfrentamento desta forma proibida de trabalho, desenvolvidas no âmbito dos Juizados Especiais da Infância e Adolescência da Justiça do Trabalho, no intuito de se compreender as razões pelas quais o trabalho infantil ainda não foi erradicado no país e alguns possíveis caminhos para esta concretização. Quanto ao método, trata-se de uma abordagem multimetodológica qualitativa, pautada no levantamento de dados por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e de entrevistas, cuja análise dá-se por meio da análise de conteúdo, buscando-se o aprofundamento da problemática investigada e a observação dos impactos sociais e jurídicos no contexto do trabalho infantil.
Despite the efforts made by international regulations, the Federal Constitution, and Brazilian legislation to eradicate child labor, there are still 1.714 million children and adolescents working illegally in the most diverse sectors of national economic activity. Children and adolescents have been granted court permits to work before the age allowed by law, and thus the Judge-State, which has the constitutional duty to provide full protection to children and adolescents and to give priority to their well-being, has allowed that they have been subjected to degrading conditions of life and work, to the detriment of their physical, psychological, educational and social development, losing the right to live the indispensable phase of childhood, in which one should only be concerned with playing and studying, to loosing the chances of a healthy adult life capable of ensuring the competitiveness of the labour market. In this way, the vicious cycle of poverty is perpetuated, child labor becomes a constant, and work does not bring dignity to people because it cannot emancipate them. Therefore, the objective of this research is to analyze the motivations of the requests for judicial authorization for child labor, as well as the arguments for granting it, as well as the competence, performance and public policies to deal with this prohibited form of work, developed within the Special Courts of Childhood and Adolescence of Labour Justice, in order to understand the reasons why child labor has not yet been eradicated in the country and some possible ways to achieve this. Regarding the method, it is a qualitative multimethodological approach, based on data collection through bibliographic, documentary and interviews, whose analysis is done through content analysis, seeking to deepen the investigated problem and the observation of social and legal impacts in the context of child labor.
Despite the efforts made by international regulations, the Federal Constitution, and Brazilian legislation to eradicate child labor, there are still 1.714 million children and adolescents working illegally in the most diverse sectors of national economic activity. Children and adolescents have been granted court permits to work before the age allowed by law, and thus the Judge-State, which has the constitutional duty to provide full protection to children and adolescents and to give priority to their well-being, has allowed that they have been subjected to degrading conditions of life and work, to the detriment of their physical, psychological, educational and social development, losing the right to live the indispensable phase of childhood, in which one should only be concerned with playing and studying, to loosing the chances of a healthy adult life capable of ensuring the competitiveness of the labour market. In this way, the vicious cycle of poverty is perpetuated, child labor becomes a constant, and work does not bring dignity to people because it cannot emancipate them. Therefore, the objective of this research is to analyze the motivations of the requests for judicial authorization for child labor, as well as the arguments for granting it, as well as the competence, performance and public policies to deal with this prohibited form of work, developed within the Special Courts of Childhood and Adolescence of Labour Justice, in order to understand the reasons why child labor has not yet been eradicated in the country and some possible ways to achieve this. Regarding the method, it is a qualitative multimethodological approach, based on data collection through bibliographic, documentary and interviews, whose analysis is done through content analysis, seeking to deepen the investigated problem and the observation of social and legal impacts in the context of child labor.
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Palavras-chave
Erradicação do trabalho infantil, Proteção integral da criança e do adolescente, Juizados especiais da infância e adolescência, Políticas públicas, Eradication of child labour, Full protection of children and adolescents, Special courts of childhood and adolescence, Public policy