Fixação de frutos no meloeiro: viabilidade polínica, receptividade estigmática e protocolos de polinização.
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Data
2019-11-12
Autores
Oliveira, Aline de
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Polinizações manuais na cultura do meloeiro apresentam taxa de sucesso de cerca de 40%, entretanto, pouco se relata na literatura sobre os aspectos que afetam esta taxa, tornando-a baixa, e como incrementa-la. Este trabalho teve por objetivo estudar a biologia reprodutiva do meloeiro, e estratégias para aumentar a taxa de pegamento de frutos na cultura. Para tal, foram estudados a viabilidade polínica e receptividade estigmática em genótipos de meloeiro ao longo do dia da antese, e, o impacto de diferentes protocolos de polinização na fixação de frutos. Desta forma, foram desenvolvidos três experimentos, um de viabilidade polínica in vitro, e um de receptividade estigmática, estes envolvendo três genótipos de melão rendilhado e cinco horários de coleta de flores, visando entender o comportamento floral do meloeiro ao longo do dia. E um terceiro trabalho, onde foi estudado a fixação de frutos, massa total e massa de mil sementes dos frutos formados sob diferentes protocolos de polinização, para tal empregou-se autopolinizações e hibridações, em dois horários e soluções diretamente nos estigmas da flor hermafrodita, com o objetivo de beneficiar a germinação e estrutura dos tubos polínicos, propiciando fecundações mais eficientes. Após as avaliações, os dados foram submetidos a análise estatística e comparados pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de significância. Foi possível concluir que a viabilidade polínica do meloeiro é afetada pelo genótipo, e os genótipos, JAB 11, JAB 20 e Fantasy, utilizados neste trabalho apresentam pico de viabilidade às 09h. Os estigmas se mantêm receptivos ao longo do dia da antese, permitindo que sejam feitas polinizações ao longo do dia, caso haja pólen viável. Nas flores hermafroditas de JAB 20, a aplicação de sacarose 15% nos estigmas de meloeiro permite polinizações satisfatórias no fim da tarde, e esta mesma solução aumenta a massa dos frutos produzidos.
Manual pollination in melon crop has a success rate of about 40%, however, little is reported in the literature about the aspects that affect this rate, making it low, and how to increase it. This work aimed to study the reproductive biology of melon, and strategies to increase the fruit set rate in the crop. To this end, we studied the pollen viability and stigmatic receptivity in melon genotypes throughout the day of anthesis, and the impact of different pollination protocols on fruit fixation. Thus, three experiments were carried out, one with in vitro pollen viability and one with stigmatic receptivity, involving three tracery melon genotypes and five flower collection schedules, aiming to understand the floral behavior of melon throughout the day. And a third work, where the fruit fixation, total mass and mass of one thousand seeds of the fruits formed under different pollination protocols was studied. in order to benefit the germination and structure of pollen tubes, providing more efficient fertilization. After the evaluations, the data were submitted to statistical analysis and compared by Tukey test at 5% of significance. It was concluded that the pollen viability of melon is affected by genotype, and the genotypes, JAB 11, JAB 20 and Fantasy, used in this work present viability peak at 09am. Stigmas remain receptive throughout the day of anthesis, allowing pollinations to be made throughout the day if pollen is viable. In JAB 20 hermaphrodite flowers, the application of 15% sucrose on melon stigmas allows satisfactory pollinations in the late afternoon, and this same solution increases the fruit mass produced. . Keywords: Cucumis melo; Pollen; Stigma; Maximum viability
Manual pollination in melon crop has a success rate of about 40%, however, little is reported in the literature about the aspects that affect this rate, making it low, and how to increase it. This work aimed to study the reproductive biology of melon, and strategies to increase the fruit set rate in the crop. To this end, we studied the pollen viability and stigmatic receptivity in melon genotypes throughout the day of anthesis, and the impact of different pollination protocols on fruit fixation. Thus, three experiments were carried out, one with in vitro pollen viability and one with stigmatic receptivity, involving three tracery melon genotypes and five flower collection schedules, aiming to understand the floral behavior of melon throughout the day. And a third work, where the fruit fixation, total mass and mass of one thousand seeds of the fruits formed under different pollination protocols was studied. in order to benefit the germination and structure of pollen tubes, providing more efficient fertilization. After the evaluations, the data were submitted to statistical analysis and compared by Tukey test at 5% of significance. It was concluded that the pollen viability of melon is affected by genotype, and the genotypes, JAB 11, JAB 20 and Fantasy, used in this work present viability peak at 09am. Stigmas remain receptive throughout the day of anthesis, allowing pollinations to be made throughout the day if pollen is viable. In JAB 20 hermaphrodite flowers, the application of 15% sucrose on melon stigmas allows satisfactory pollinations in the late afternoon, and this same solution increases the fruit mass produced. . Keywords: Cucumis melo; Pollen; Stigma; Maximum viability
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Palavras-chave
Cucumis melo, Pólen, Estigma, Viabilidade máxima, Maximum viability, Stigma, Pollen