As ilhas de calor urbanas em Jundiaí-SP
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Data
2019-11-18
Autores
Dorigon, Larissa Piffer [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Nesta pesquisa levantou-se a hipótese de que conhecer o campo térmico de Jundiaí e saber a forma e intensidade das ilhas de calor urbanas resulta em informações relevantes a serem inseridas nas ações de planejamento. Acredita-se ainda, que a utilização da metodologia das Zonas Climáticas Locais (LCZs) facilita a comparação dos resultados obtidos em Jundiaí com outras áreas urbanas, uma vez que esta proporciona a uniformização e padronização de terminologias referentes aos usos e ocupações da terra. Para tanto, o objetivo principal foi diagnosticar o campo térmico da cidade de Jundiaí/SP e elaborar uma análise síntese, apresentando as intensidades de ilhas de calor em relação às características de superfície. Para atingir os objetivos propostos as pesquisas de campo ocorreram através da instalação de 10 sensores fixos que registraram dados horários de temperatura entre abril e dezembro de 2017 e realizados 10 episódios de levantamento com medidas itinerantes em agosto e setembro do mesmo ano. Os dados fixos identificaram que a maior expressão das ilhas de calor esteve conectada com uma sequência de estabilidade atmosférica. As maiores intensidades das ilhas de calor foram registradas, predominantemente, nos meses com as menores precipitações totais (junho, julho, agosto e setembro), enquanto no ciclo diário, as maiores intensidades foram noturnas. Notou-se também que, predominantemente, as maiores intensidades estiveram relacionadas com LCZs características de áreas urbana, LCZ 3, LCZ 3B, LCZ 34 e LCZ 7, todas compactas e com pouca ou nenhuma presença de vegetação. Já as menores intensidades foram detectadas nas LCZ 9, relativa à área rural e LCZ 6, com construções espaçadas e vegetação arbórea e rasteira. Os dados obtidos com os transectos possibilitaram identificar e delimitar áreas em que ocorreram as ilhas de calor urbanas (ICU) e áreas consideradas como redutoras de temperatura (ART). As ICUs se apresentaram, majoritariamente, em áreas com alto grau de adensamento construtivo, ao passo que as ARTs estiveram conectadas à presença de vegetação, água e declividade de relevo. Por fim, através da modelagem espacial da ilha de calor urbana integrou-se as LCZs, o relevo, a vegetação e as temperaturas medidas, a fim de propor um mapa síntese para futuro planejamento. Este mapeamento reforçou o padrão diagnosticado nas análises dos painéis espaço-temporais e dos perfis de transectos (ICUs e ARTs) com maiores intensidades relacionadas com LCZs características de áreas urbana, LCZ 3, LCZ 3B, LCZ 34 e LCZ 7, enquanto que as menores foram detectadas em LCZs rurais ou com menor grau de edificação, como: LCZ 9, LCZ 6, LCZ B e LCZ D. Neste sentido, mesmo sendo uma abordagem descritivo-analítica das ilhas de calor urbanas, o modelo resultou em um documento síntese das temperaturas intraurbanas de Jundiaí, objetivo principal da tese, que poderá ser utilizado pelo poder público em políticas de gestão e planejamento e auxiliar no processo de expansão territorial urbana de Jundiaí.
In this research it was hypothesized that knowing the thermal field of Jundiaí and knowing the distribution and intensity of urban heat islands results in relevant information to be included in the planning actions. It is also believed that the use of the Local Climate Zones (LCZs) methodology facilitates the comparison of the results obtained in Jundiaí with other urban areas, since it provides the standardization and standardization of land use and occupation terminology. Therefore, the main objective was to diagnose the thermal field of the city of Jundiaí/SP and to elaborate a synthesis analysis, presenting the urban heat island intensities in relation to the surface characteristics. In order to achieve the proposed objectives, the field research was carried out by installing 10 fixed sensors that recorded hourly temperature data between April and December 2017 and carried out 10 episodes of itinerant survey in August and September of the same year. Data from fixed sensors identified that the highest expression of heat islands was connected with an atmospheric stability sequence. The highest intensities of the urban heat islands were predominantly recorded in the months with the lowest total of rainfall (June, July, August and September), while in the daily cycle the highest intensities were nocturnal. It was also noted that, predominantly, the highest intensities were related to LCZs characteristic of urban areas, LCZ 3, LCZ 3B, LCZ 34 and LCZ 7, all compact and with little or no vegetation. The lowest intensities were detected in LCZ 9, relative to the rural area and LCZ 6, with spaced constructions and tree with undergrowth. The data obtained with the transects made it possible to identify and delimit areas where urban heat islands (ICU) occurred and areas considered as temperature reducers (ART). Most of the ICUs were presented in areas with a high degree of constructive densification, while the ARTs were connected to the presence of vegetation and water and relief slope. Finally, through the spatial modeling of the urban heat island, the LCZs, relief, vegetation and measured temperatures were integrated in order to propose a synthesis map for future planning. This mapping reinforced the pattern diagnosed in the analysis of spatiotemporal panels and transects profiles (ICUs and ARTs) with higher intensities related to LCZs characteristic of urban areas, LCZ 3, LCZ 3B, LCZ 34 and LCZ 7, while the smaller ones were detected in rural or less building LCZs such as: LCZ 9, LCZ 6, LCZ B and LCZ D. In this sense, even though it is a descriptive-analytical approach to urban heat islands, the model resulted in a document summarizing the Jundiaí intraurban temperatures, the main objective of the thesis, which can be used by the public authorities in management and planning policies and to assist in process of urban territorial expansion of Jundiaí.
In this research it was hypothesized that knowing the thermal field of Jundiaí and knowing the distribution and intensity of urban heat islands results in relevant information to be included in the planning actions. It is also believed that the use of the Local Climate Zones (LCZs) methodology facilitates the comparison of the results obtained in Jundiaí with other urban areas, since it provides the standardization and standardization of land use and occupation terminology. Therefore, the main objective was to diagnose the thermal field of the city of Jundiaí/SP and to elaborate a synthesis analysis, presenting the urban heat island intensities in relation to the surface characteristics. In order to achieve the proposed objectives, the field research was carried out by installing 10 fixed sensors that recorded hourly temperature data between April and December 2017 and carried out 10 episodes of itinerant survey in August and September of the same year. Data from fixed sensors identified that the highest expression of heat islands was connected with an atmospheric stability sequence. The highest intensities of the urban heat islands were predominantly recorded in the months with the lowest total of rainfall (June, July, August and September), while in the daily cycle the highest intensities were nocturnal. It was also noted that, predominantly, the highest intensities were related to LCZs characteristic of urban areas, LCZ 3, LCZ 3B, LCZ 34 and LCZ 7, all compact and with little or no vegetation. The lowest intensities were detected in LCZ 9, relative to the rural area and LCZ 6, with spaced constructions and tree with undergrowth. The data obtained with the transects made it possible to identify and delimit areas where urban heat islands (ICU) occurred and areas considered as temperature reducers (ART). Most of the ICUs were presented in areas with a high degree of constructive densification, while the ARTs were connected to the presence of vegetation and water and relief slope. Finally, through the spatial modeling of the urban heat island, the LCZs, relief, vegetation and measured temperatures were integrated in order to propose a synthesis map for future planning. This mapping reinforced the pattern diagnosed in the analysis of spatiotemporal panels and transects profiles (ICUs and ARTs) with higher intensities related to LCZs characteristic of urban areas, LCZ 3, LCZ 3B, LCZ 34 and LCZ 7, while the smaller ones were detected in rural or less building LCZs such as: LCZ 9, LCZ 6, LCZ B and LCZ D. In this sense, even though it is a descriptive-analytical approach to urban heat islands, the model resulted in a document summarizing the Jundiaí intraurban temperatures, the main objective of the thesis, which can be used by the public authorities in management and planning policies and to assist in process of urban territorial expansion of Jundiaí.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Clima urbano, Ilhas de calor urbanas, Jundiaí/SP, Zonas climáticas locais, Urban climate, Urban heat islands, Local climate zones