Ações de educação em saúde para agentes comunitários de saúde como estratégia de promoção de atividades físicas na adolescência
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Data
2019-12-05
Autores
Dopp, Erik Vinicius de Orlando
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A prática regular de Atividade Física (AF) na adolescência está intimamente associada a benefícios físicos, psicológicos e sociais e a adesão de hábitos ativos nesta fase da vida tem potencial para trazer benefícios para uma vida toda. Programas de AF que atendem esse público, visando gerar hábitos ativos, normalmente são realizados e/ou vinculados ao contexto escolar. Desta forma, buscando a ampliação destas ações, a aproximação com o âmbito da saúde, considerar a Unidade de Saúde da Família (USF) como ambiente promotor de saúde e seus profissionais, em especial o Agente Comunitário de Saúde (ACS) pode contribuir com ações de promoção de AF na comunidade, passando, inclusive, pelos adolescentes. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo é propor e avaliar uma ação de educação em saúde baseada em um curso para ACS, pautado na promoção de AF para adolescentes beneficiários da Atenção Básica de Saúde (ABS) da cidade de Rio Claro - SP. O presente estudo de desenho longitudinal, foi desenvolvido por meio de 12 encontros semanais com duração de duas horas cada, sendo 1 de apresentação, 2 de discussão teórica, 8 de modalidades teórico/práticas e 1 de encerramento de conteúdo, finalização e avaliação do processo. Participaram do curso 25 ACS com 38 ± 10,8 anos, sendo a maioria mulheres (88%) e com média de 32,5 ± 41,8 meses de atuação na ABS e por meio de aconselhamentos em visitas domiciliares, 42 adolescentes beneficiários da Atenção Básica de Saúde com idade média de 14 ± 1,86 anos, sendo 50% do sexo feminino. Os ACS responderam questionários de identificação, de caracterização de nível socioeconômico e nível de AF e de comportamento sedentário. Foram reavaliados após 4 meses de finalizada a intervenção, por meio de reaplicação dos questionários e realização do grupo focal. Os adolescentes responderam questionários de identificação, de caracterização de nível socioeconômico e nível de AF, também sendo reavaliados após 4 meses com a reaplicação dos questionários. Espaços públicos de lazer foram levantados e avaliados por meio do instrumento PARA. Como resultados, foi possível identificar que as ações foram bem-sucedidas e bem avaliadas, porém, limitações e potencialidades puderam ser observadas, levando em consideração o ambiente de trabalho, as questões de saberes e formação recebida por estes profissionais e ações de educação em saúde desenvolvidas por estes dentro do contexto da Unidade de Saúde da Família. Quanto aos níveis de AF, foi possível identificar mudanças significativas na AF total dos ACS e adolescentes, sendo ainda que, os adolescentes que relataram praticar somente um esporte, se envolveram com pelo menos mais um. Quanto aos espaços públicos de lazer, identificou-se no perímetro urbano, 132 praças, 2 parques, 10 canteiros e 6 pistas de caminhada, porém, 70,1% dos espaços públicos avaliados (101 espaços) se encontram localizados em área de índice de vulnerabilidade muito baixo e não se encontram em boas condições de uso. Portanto, embora as ações tenham sido bem desenvolvidas e demonstraram resultados positivos, tanto com ACS e adolescentes, os trabalhos devem ser complementados, considerando o ambiente de trabalho deste profissional, os saberes fornecidos em tais ações, assim como a disponibilidade de espaços para que sejam desenvolvidos, aproximando a comunidade de um ambiente propício para a prática, com melhores condições de uso e acessibilidade.
Regular practice of Physical Activity (PA) in adolescence is closely associated with physical, psychological and social benefits, and adherence to active habits at this stage of life has the potential to bring lifelong benefits. PA programs that serve this audience, aiming to generate active habits, are usually conducted and / or linked to the school context. Thus, seeking to expand these actions, the approach to health, consider the Family Health Unit (USF) as a health promoting environment and its professionals, especially the Community Health Agent (CHA) can contribute with actions promoting PA in the community, including the adolescents. Thus, the objective of the present study is to propose and evaluate a health education action based on a course for CHA, based on the promotion of PA for adolescents receiving Primary Health Care (ABS) in the city of Rio Claro - SP. The present longitudinal design study was developed through 12 weekly meetings lasting two hours each: 1 presentation, 2 theoretical discussion, 8 theoretical / practical modalities and 1 content closure, finalization and process evaluation. . Twenty-five CHAs aged 38 ± 10.8 years participated in the course, most of them women (88%) and with an average of 32.5 ± 41.8 months of work at ABS and through home visits counseling, 42 adolescents benefiting from the program. Primary Health Care with an average age of 14 ± 1.86 years, being 50% female. The ACS answered identification questionnaires, characterization of socioeconomic level and PA level and sedentary behavior. They were reevaluated after 4 months of the intervention, by re-applying the questionnaires and performing the focus group. The adolescents answered identification questionnaires, characterization of socioeconomic level and PA level, also being reevaluated after 4 months with the application of the questionnaires. Public spaces for leisure were surveyed and evaluated using the PARA instrument. As a result, it was possible to identify that the actions were successful and well evaluated, however, limitations and potentialities could be observed, taking into consideration the work environment, the knowledge and training issues received by these professionals and health education actions. developed by them within the context of the Family Health Unit. Regarding the PA levels, it was possible to identify significant changes in the total PA of the CHA and adolescents, although the adolescents who reported practicing only one sport were involved with at least one more. As for the public leisure spaces, 132 squares, 2 parks, 10 flowerbeds and 6 walking paths were identified in the urban perimeter. However, 70.1% of the public spaces evaluated (101 spaces) are located in an index area. vulnerability very low and not in good condition. Therefore, although the actions have been well developed and have shown positive results, both with CHAs and adolescents, the works should be complemented, considering the work environment of this professional, the knowledge provided in such actions, as well as the availability of spaces for them. approaching the community to an environment conducive to practice, with better conditions of use and accessibility.
Regular practice of Physical Activity (PA) in adolescence is closely associated with physical, psychological and social benefits, and adherence to active habits at this stage of life has the potential to bring lifelong benefits. PA programs that serve this audience, aiming to generate active habits, are usually conducted and / or linked to the school context. Thus, seeking to expand these actions, the approach to health, consider the Family Health Unit (USF) as a health promoting environment and its professionals, especially the Community Health Agent (CHA) can contribute with actions promoting PA in the community, including the adolescents. Thus, the objective of the present study is to propose and evaluate a health education action based on a course for CHA, based on the promotion of PA for adolescents receiving Primary Health Care (ABS) in the city of Rio Claro - SP. The present longitudinal design study was developed through 12 weekly meetings lasting two hours each: 1 presentation, 2 theoretical discussion, 8 theoretical / practical modalities and 1 content closure, finalization and process evaluation. . Twenty-five CHAs aged 38 ± 10.8 years participated in the course, most of them women (88%) and with an average of 32.5 ± 41.8 months of work at ABS and through home visits counseling, 42 adolescents benefiting from the program. Primary Health Care with an average age of 14 ± 1.86 years, being 50% female. The ACS answered identification questionnaires, characterization of socioeconomic level and PA level and sedentary behavior. They were reevaluated after 4 months of the intervention, by re-applying the questionnaires and performing the focus group. The adolescents answered identification questionnaires, characterization of socioeconomic level and PA level, also being reevaluated after 4 months with the application of the questionnaires. Public spaces for leisure were surveyed and evaluated using the PARA instrument. As a result, it was possible to identify that the actions were successful and well evaluated, however, limitations and potentialities could be observed, taking into consideration the work environment, the knowledge and training issues received by these professionals and health education actions. developed by them within the context of the Family Health Unit. Regarding the PA levels, it was possible to identify significant changes in the total PA of the CHA and adolescents, although the adolescents who reported practicing only one sport were involved with at least one more. As for the public leisure spaces, 132 squares, 2 parks, 10 flowerbeds and 6 walking paths were identified in the urban perimeter. However, 70.1% of the public spaces evaluated (101 spaces) are located in an index area. vulnerability very low and not in good condition. Therefore, although the actions have been well developed and have shown positive results, both with CHAs and adolescents, the works should be complemented, considering the work environment of this professional, the knowledge provided in such actions, as well as the availability of spaces for them. approaching the community to an environment conducive to practice, with better conditions of use and accessibility.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Atividade física, Atenção primária à saúde, Agente comunitário de saúde, Educação em saúde, Atenção básica de saúde, Physical activity, Primary health care, Community health agents, Health education