Avaliação de sustentabilidade da forma urbana do conjunto habitacional Residencial Pinheirinho dos Palmares II - São José dos Campos/SP
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Data
2019-11-21
Autores
Sapucahy, Mário Lúcio Ribeiro
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O crescimento das cidades brasileiras se caracteriza por um planejamento urbano que privilegia interesses econômicos descompromissados com a sustentabilidade e qualidade de vida o que acarreta a construção de um tecido urbano gerador de problemas ambientais e sociais. O crônico déficit habitacional brasileiro tem gerado soluções que, via de regra, acentuam problemas sociais, segregando ao invés de integrar as comunidades de menor renda. Em janeiro de 2012 a reintegração de posse do Pinheirinho, na região sul de São José dos Campos, área ilegalmente ocupada durante sete anos por uma comunidade com centenas de famílias, teve repercussão nacional em função do número de removidos e das denúncias do uso excessivo da força policial. Cinco anos após a reintegração de posse, em dezembro de 2016, 1461 famílias envolvidas no episódio foram reassentadas no Residencial Pinheirinho dos Palmares 2 especialmente construído para a comunidade. A presente pesquisa avaliou os níveis de sustentabilidade da forma urbana do bairro onde as famílias foram reassentadas, utilizando o método proposto por Teriman (2012) adaptado às especificidades locais por meio de 45 indicadores agrupados nas 7 categorias de design da forma urbana sustentável apresentadas por Jabareen (2006): compacidade, transporte urbano sustentável, densidade, uso misto da terra, diversidade, design solar passivo e greening. Os resultados da avaliação comprovaram a hipótese de baixo desempenho em sustentabilidade da forma urbana influenciados principalmente pela localização distante do centro e pelo isolamento do bairro.
The growth of Brazilian cities is characterized by a urban planning that privileges economic interests that are not committed to sustainability and quality of life, which entails the construction of an urban fabric that generates environmental and social problems. The chronic Brazilian housing deficit has generated solutions that, as a rule, accentuate social problems, segregating instead of integrating lower income communities. In January 2012, the removal of more than a thousand invading families from an area known as Pinheirinho in the southern region of São José dos Campos had a national repercussion due to the large number of displaced families and the reports of excessive use of the police force. After five years, in December 2016, 1461 families involved in the episode were resettled in a neighborhood specially built for this community. This research evaluated the sustainability levels of the urban form of the neighborhood where families were resettled, using the method of Teriman (2012) adapted to local specificities through 45 indicators grouped in the 7 categories of design of sustainable urban form proposed by Jabareen (2006): compactness, sustainable urban transport, density, mixed land use, diversity, passive solar design and greening. The results of the evaluation confirmed the hypothesis of poor performance of urban form sustainability, influenced mainly by the distant location of the center and the isolation of the neighborhood..
The growth of Brazilian cities is characterized by a urban planning that privileges economic interests that are not committed to sustainability and quality of life, which entails the construction of an urban fabric that generates environmental and social problems. The chronic Brazilian housing deficit has generated solutions that, as a rule, accentuate social problems, segregating instead of integrating lower income communities. In January 2012, the removal of more than a thousand invading families from an area known as Pinheirinho in the southern region of São José dos Campos had a national repercussion due to the large number of displaced families and the reports of excessive use of the police force. After five years, in December 2016, 1461 families involved in the episode were resettled in a neighborhood specially built for this community. This research evaluated the sustainability levels of the urban form of the neighborhood where families were resettled, using the method of Teriman (2012) adapted to local specificities through 45 indicators grouped in the 7 categories of design of sustainable urban form proposed by Jabareen (2006): compactness, sustainable urban transport, density, mixed land use, diversity, passive solar design and greening. The results of the evaluation confirmed the hypothesis of poor performance of urban form sustainability, influenced mainly by the distant location of the center and the isolation of the neighborhood..
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Palavras-chave
Planejamento urbano, Forma urbana, Sustentabilidade, Habitação, Segregação social, Urban planning, Urban form, Sustainability, Housing, Social segregation