Estudo clínico e epidemiológico da esporotricose felina: caracterização fenotípica, molecular e suscetibilidade antifúngica in vitro de isolados
Data
2020-01-23
Autores
Lima, Taiza Maschio de
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A esporotricose é uma micose de distribuição mundial, decorrente da implantação traumática do fungo Sporothrix. Atualmente, é considerada uma zoonose emergente, de impactos à saúde pública, sendo os gatos os principais animais afetados e associados à transmissão aos humanos. O estudo objetivou identificar casos de esporotricose em gatos no município de São José do Rio Preto/SP, com identificação da espécie circulante, além de analisar os fatores clínicos e epidemiológicos, e de suscetibilidade aos antifúngicos. Amostras de secreções e/ou biópsias de animais com lesões e sintomas da doença foram analisadas por técnicas micológicas, fenotípicas e moleculares de identificação do fungo. O método de microdiluição em caldo foi utilizado para identificar o perfil de suscetibilidade aos antifúngicos. Os aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos foram avaliados com base em informações contidas nas fichas de investigação. No período estudado, foram coletadas 245 amostras de gatos sintomáticos à esporotricose, sendo o fungo Sporothrix isolado em 189 (77, 2%) amostras. Na análise fenotípica, para todos os isolados, foi encontrado padrão morfofisiológico compatível com a espécie S. brasiliensis, sendo esse achado confirmado por técnica molecular. Na análise de suscetibilidade aos antifúngicos, em geral, a terbinafina foi o fármaco com melhor desempenho de atividade antifúngica, seguido pelo cetoconazol e itraconazol. A população de felinos domésticos analisada era composta, em sua maioria, por machos (180; 73,5%), adultos (236; 96,3%), de rua (131; 53,5%) e não castrados (171; 68,9%). A alta positividade encontrada para a doença demonstra que a esporotricose felina está, de modo expressivo, presente no município de São José do Rio Preto/SP, sendo o Sporothrix brasiliensis a espécie presente. O sucesso dessa espécie na ocorrência de surtos e epidemias está associado, principalmente, a sua alta virulência e maior suscetibilidade do hospedeiro felino.
Sporotrichosis is a worldwide mycosis, resulting from the traumatic implantation of the fungus Sporothrix. It is currently considered an emerging zoonosis with public health impact, and cats are the main animals affected and associated with transmission to humans. The aim of this study was to assess the cases of feline sporotrichosis in São José do Rio Preto, Brazil, to identify the circulating species, to analyze clinical and epidemiological factors, and evaluate the susceptibility to antifungal drugs. Secretion and/or biopsies samples from animals with lesions and sporotrichosis symptoms were analyzed by mycological procedures, and the isolates were identified by phenotypic and molecular techniques. The broth microdilution method was used to identify the antifungal susceptibility profiles. Clinical and epidemiological aspects were evaluated based on information contained in the research sheets. During the studied period, 245 samples of cats symptomatics of sporotrichosis were collected, and Sporothrix was isolated in 189 (77.2%) samples. According to the phenotypic analysis, all isolates exhibited the morphophysiological pattern of S. brasiliensis, this finding was confirmed by molecular technique. Regarding the antifungal susceptibility testing, terbinafine was, in general, the antifungal which exhibited the best activity, followed by ketoconazole and itraconazole. The domestic feline population analyzed was mostly male (180; 73.5%), adults (236; 96.3%), street (131; 53.5%), and uncastrated (171; 69.8%). The high positivity observed shows that feline sporotrichosis is present in the municipality of São José do Rio Preto, with Sporothrix brasiliensis being the causative agent. This species success in the occurrence of outbreaks and epidemics is mainly associated with its high virulence, and higher susceptibility of the feline host and habits of these animals.
Sporotrichosis is a worldwide mycosis, resulting from the traumatic implantation of the fungus Sporothrix. It is currently considered an emerging zoonosis with public health impact, and cats are the main animals affected and associated with transmission to humans. The aim of this study was to assess the cases of feline sporotrichosis in São José do Rio Preto, Brazil, to identify the circulating species, to analyze clinical and epidemiological factors, and evaluate the susceptibility to antifungal drugs. Secretion and/or biopsies samples from animals with lesions and sporotrichosis symptoms were analyzed by mycological procedures, and the isolates were identified by phenotypic and molecular techniques. The broth microdilution method was used to identify the antifungal susceptibility profiles. Clinical and epidemiological aspects were evaluated based on information contained in the research sheets. During the studied period, 245 samples of cats symptomatics of sporotrichosis were collected, and Sporothrix was isolated in 189 (77.2%) samples. According to the phenotypic analysis, all isolates exhibited the morphophysiological pattern of S. brasiliensis, this finding was confirmed by molecular technique. Regarding the antifungal susceptibility testing, terbinafine was, in general, the antifungal which exhibited the best activity, followed by ketoconazole and itraconazole. The domestic feline population analyzed was mostly male (180; 73.5%), adults (236; 96.3%), street (131; 53.5%), and uncastrated (171; 69.8%). The high positivity observed shows that feline sporotrichosis is present in the municipality of São José do Rio Preto, with Sporothrix brasiliensis being the causative agent. This species success in the occurrence of outbreaks and epidemics is mainly associated with its high virulence, and higher susceptibility of the feline host and habits of these animals.
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Palavras-chave
Sporothrix, Esporotricose, Gatos, Epidemiologia, Antifúngicos, Sporotrichosis, Cats, Epidemiology, Antifungal agents