Análise de impactos e danos ambientais para colheita florestal mecanizada em sistema de toras curtas
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Data
2020-02-05
Autores
Ferraz, Camila Porfirio Albuquerque
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O aumento na produtividade do setor florestal, bem como maior demanda de mão de obra, contribuiu de maneira significativa para o desenvolvimento e a necessidade da mecanização na silvicultura. Nesse processo, devido a inserção de máquinas florestais como tratores para corte e extração de madeira a colheita foi a atividade que mais sofreu modificações. A escolha do sistema mecanizado de colheita deve levar em consideração diferentes fatores para sucesso e equilíbrio na produtividade. A falta de consideração de alguma das variáveis resultará em problemas operacionais e ineficiência do processo, como a fragilização de ecossistemas bem como impactos ambientais adversos (bióticos e abióticos). Nesse escopo, o presente estudo teve como objetivo, por meio da conjugação de metodologias de avaliação de impactos e danos ambientais, desenvolver um instrumento de planejamento integrado para a gestão ambiental da colheita florestal em região de bioma considerado vulnerável (Mata Atlântica). Para tanto, foram aplicadas redes de interações e matrizes de avaliação de impactos ambientais de acordo com aspectos e impactos identificados em período de colheita florestal. Os resultados demonstram que a integração das metodologias possui potencial como instrumento no planejamento de operações florestais. As atividades de maior significância quanto a consequência de impactos positivos e negativos foram abertura e manutenção de estradas rurais e o transporte florestal.
Increased productivity in the forest sector, as well as increased labor demand, have significantly contributed to the development and need for mechanization in forestry. In this process, due to the insertion of forest machines as tractors for logging and harvesting, harvesting was the activity that suffered the most modifications. The choice of harvesting system must take into account different factors for success and balance in productivity. Failure to consider any of the variables will result in operational problems and process inefficiencies such as weakening ecosystems as well as adverse environmental impacts (biotic and abiotic). In this scope, the present study aimed, through the combination of methodologies for assessing impacts and environmental damage, to develop an integrated planning instrument for the environmental management of forest harvesting in a region of vulnerable biome (Atlantic Forest). To this end, interaction networks and environmental impact assessment matrices were applied according to aspects and impacts identified during the forest harvest period. The results show that the integration of methodologies is a potential instrument for planning forest operations, with the activities of greater significance regarding positive and negative impacts being the opening and maintenance of rural roads and forest transportation.
Increased productivity in the forest sector, as well as increased labor demand, have significantly contributed to the development and need for mechanization in forestry. In this process, due to the insertion of forest machines as tractors for logging and harvesting, harvesting was the activity that suffered the most modifications. The choice of harvesting system must take into account different factors for success and balance in productivity. Failure to consider any of the variables will result in operational problems and process inefficiencies such as weakening ecosystems as well as adverse environmental impacts (biotic and abiotic). In this scope, the present study aimed, through the combination of methodologies for assessing impacts and environmental damage, to develop an integrated planning instrument for the environmental management of forest harvesting in a region of vulnerable biome (Atlantic Forest). To this end, interaction networks and environmental impact assessment matrices were applied according to aspects and impacts identified during the forest harvest period. The results show that the integration of methodologies is a potential instrument for planning forest operations, with the activities of greater significance regarding positive and negative impacts being the opening and maintenance of rural roads and forest transportation.
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Palavras-chave
Avaliação de impacto ambiental, Colheita florestal, Silvicultura, Impactos ambientais da colheita florestal, Redes de interação., Environmental Impact Assessment, Forest harvest, Forestry, Environmental impacts of forest harvesting, Interaction networks