Características físico-químicas e sensoriais da carne ovina submetida a diferentes métodos de cocção
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Data
2020-02-20
Autores
Almeida, Jacqueline Antunes Martins
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A carne é submetida a tratamentos térmicos antes de ser consumida em muitos momentos, acentuando os atributos sensorias e inativando microrganismos, além de alterar as características nutricionais da carne. No entanto, não há estudos científicos suficientes sobre os efeitos dos métodos de cocção utilizados nas práticas culinárias pelos consumidores, quanto à qualidade da carne ovina. Dessa forma, o objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a influência dos métodos de cocção (assado, frito e banho maria) sobre parâmetros físico-químicos (composição centesimal, perda de peso por cozimento e percentual de encolhimento) e atributos sensorias (aroma, cor, sabor e maciez) da carne de cordeiro. Todos os métodos de cocção aumentaram significativamente o teor de proteína e extrato etéreo da carne em relação à carne in natura, devido as perdas de umidade que ocorreram durante a cocção. Entre os processos térmicos, o método frito em óleo apresentou maior concentração no teor de extrato etéreo, devido a incorporação da gordura do óleo utilizado nesse método de preparo da carne. O método de fritura teve maior perda de peso por cozimento (P>0,001) em relação aos demais métodos de cocção da carne. As características sensorias (aroma, cor e sabor) foram influenciados pelos métodos de cocção frito e assado, atribuindo maiores notas de aceitabilidade em relação ao método de cocção em banho maria. O método de cocção em banho maria atribuiu menores perdas de água, porém, teve baixa aceitabilidade. O método assado em forno manteve valores nutricionais e atributos sensoriais adequados a saúde humana em relação aos métodos de cocção frito em óleo e banho maria, podendo ser indicado o melhor método de cocção na prática culinária.
The meat is subjected to thermal treatments before being consumed in many moments, improving the sensory attributes and reducing microorganisms, besides altering the nutritional characteristics of the meat. However, there are not enough scientific studies on the effects of cooking methods used in culinary practices by consumers, regarding the quality of sheep meat. Thus, the objective of the study was to evaluate the influence of cooking methods (roast, fried and water bath) on physical-chemical parameters (proximate composition, weight loss by cooking and shrinkage percentage) and sensory attributes (aroma, color, flavor and tenderness) of lamb. All cooking methods significantly increased the protein and ether extract content of meat compared to fresh meat, due to the moisture losses that occurred during cooking. Among the thermal processes, the oil-fried method showed a higher concentration in the ether extract content, due to the incorporation of the oil fat used in this meat preparation method. The frying method had greater weight loss by cooking (P> 0.001) compared to the other methods of cooking the meat. The sensory characteristics (aroma, color and flavor) were influenced by the fried and roasted cooking methods, attributing higher acceptability scores in relation to the cooking method in a water bath. The cooking method in a water bath attributed less water losses, however, it had low acceptability. The oven-baked method has nutritional values and sensory attributes appropriate to human health in relation to cooking methods fried in oil and water bath, and the best cooking method can be indicated in culinary practice.
The meat is subjected to thermal treatments before being consumed in many moments, improving the sensory attributes and reducing microorganisms, besides altering the nutritional characteristics of the meat. However, there are not enough scientific studies on the effects of cooking methods used in culinary practices by consumers, regarding the quality of sheep meat. Thus, the objective of the study was to evaluate the influence of cooking methods (roast, fried and water bath) on physical-chemical parameters (proximate composition, weight loss by cooking and shrinkage percentage) and sensory attributes (aroma, color, flavor and tenderness) of lamb. All cooking methods significantly increased the protein and ether extract content of meat compared to fresh meat, due to the moisture losses that occurred during cooking. Among the thermal processes, the oil-fried method showed a higher concentration in the ether extract content, due to the incorporation of the oil fat used in this meat preparation method. The frying method had greater weight loss by cooking (P> 0.001) compared to the other methods of cooking the meat. The sensory characteristics (aroma, color and flavor) were influenced by the fried and roasted cooking methods, attributing higher acceptability scores in relation to the cooking method in a water bath. The cooking method in a water bath attributed less water losses, however, it had low acceptability. The oven-baked method has nutritional values and sensory attributes appropriate to human health in relation to cooking methods fried in oil and water bath, and the best cooking method can be indicated in culinary practice.
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Palavras-chave
Composição nutricional, Saúde, Ovinos, Cozimento, Cooking, Health, Nutritional composition, Sheep