Informalidade urbana e segregação socioespacial em Bauru: o caso do Jardim Niceia
Data
2020-05-26
Autores
Cunha, Márcia Maria
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo compreender como o processo de informalidade urbana e segregação socioespacial impacta nas condições de vida dos moradores do assentamento informal do Bairro Jardim Niceia, no município de Bauru. Para cumprir esse propósito, as técnicas de pesquisa utilizadas foram observação participante como voluntária do projeto Voz do Niceia e membro das oficinas socioterritoriais do CRAS Jardim Europa; pesquisa documental referente aos 205 cadastros com dados socioeconômicos dos moradores do Jardim Niceia, realizados pela SEPLAN; informações oficiais com o poder público mediante solicitações de informações sobre o atendimento das famílias nas diferentes políticas públicas; e entrevistas semiestruturadas com famílias beneficiárias do BPC. A pesquisa está amparada no método de análise da ciência reflexiva, operacionalizada pelo estudo de caso ampliado. A partir da observação participante é possível considerar que para que os serviços públicos alcancem os cidadãos, é preciso buscar alternativas, pois as ofertadas hoje não atendem às necessidades das famílias. O perfil das famílias aponta para baixa escolaridade; maioria com mulheres como chefe de família; trabalhos menos remunerados e desemprego; e casal com filhos. Quanto ao acesso aos serviços públicos, o de saúde foi o único tangível a todas as entrevistadas, ainda que de difícil acesso. Quanto à situação de informalidade urbana, o impacto para a maioria das entrevistadas é a insegurança da posse, devido ao processo de regularização ainda não ter sido finalizado. A partir disso, geram-se outros desdobramentos que incidem na melhoria no imóvel. Quanto ao processo de segregação socioespacial em que está inserida a ocupação, a maioria das entrevistadas não vê problemas em morar rodeada pelos condomínios de alto padrão; o relacionamento com os moradores desses condomínios se resume às relações de trabalho. O principal problema do bairro apontado foi o acesso aos serviços públicos de saúde; as principais estratégias apontadas para enfrentar as dificuldades referentes às formas de deslocamento aos serviços públicos foram a caminhada, a carona e o carro privado.
This research has the goal of understanding how the process of urban informality and socio-spatial segregation affects the life condition of the residents of the informal settlement Bairro Jardim Niceia in the city of Bauru, Brazil. To fulfill that purpose, the research techniques used were: participant observation as a volunteer of the project Voz do Niceia and member of the socio-territorial workshops of the CRAS Jardim Europa; documentary research regarding the 205 registers containing socioeconomic data from the Jardim Niceia residents, performed by SEPLAN; official information from public power upon request for information on services given to the families in different public policies; and semi-structured interviews with the families that benefit from the BPC. The research is based on the reflective science analysis method, operationalized by the expanded case study. From the participant observation, it is possible to consider that in order for the public services to reach the citizens, it is necessary to find alternatives, since the ones offered today do not meet the families' needs. The family profile indicates low education levels; most have women as householders; low-paying jobs and unemployment; and couples with children. As for access to public services, healthcare was the only one accessible to all the interviewed, even if hard to access. As for the urban informality situation, the impact for the majority of the interviewed is the insecurity of ownership, since the regularization process isn't yet finished. From that, other issues unfold that affect the improvement of the property. As for the process of socio-spacial segregation where the occupation is situated, the majority of the interviewed don't have issues with living among high-end gated communities; the relationship with the residents of these gated communities comes down to work relationships. The neighborhood's main indicated issue was the access to the public healthcare services; the main strategies showed to face the difficulties related to traveling to public services were walking, ride and car private.
This research has the goal of understanding how the process of urban informality and socio-spatial segregation affects the life condition of the residents of the informal settlement Bairro Jardim Niceia in the city of Bauru, Brazil. To fulfill that purpose, the research techniques used were: participant observation as a volunteer of the project Voz do Niceia and member of the socio-territorial workshops of the CRAS Jardim Europa; documentary research regarding the 205 registers containing socioeconomic data from the Jardim Niceia residents, performed by SEPLAN; official information from public power upon request for information on services given to the families in different public policies; and semi-structured interviews with the families that benefit from the BPC. The research is based on the reflective science analysis method, operationalized by the expanded case study. From the participant observation, it is possible to consider that in order for the public services to reach the citizens, it is necessary to find alternatives, since the ones offered today do not meet the families' needs. The family profile indicates low education levels; most have women as householders; low-paying jobs and unemployment; and couples with children. As for access to public services, healthcare was the only one accessible to all the interviewed, even if hard to access. As for the urban informality situation, the impact for the majority of the interviewed is the insecurity of ownership, since the regularization process isn't yet finished. From that, other issues unfold that affect the improvement of the property. As for the process of socio-spacial segregation where the occupation is situated, the majority of the interviewed don't have issues with living among high-end gated communities; the relationship with the residents of these gated communities comes down to work relationships. The neighborhood's main indicated issue was the access to the public healthcare services; the main strategies showed to face the difficulties related to traveling to public services were walking, ride and car private.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Informalidade urbana, Segregação socioespacial, Jardim Niceia, Urban informality, social-spatial segregation