A presença do feminino na biblioteconomia brasileira: aspectos históricos
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2020-06-30
Autores
Xavier, Ana Laura Silva [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Partiu-se do pressuposto que a Biblioteconomia brasileira contemporânea integra o hall de profissões feminizadas, visto que desde a década de 1930 a profissão concentra um alto número de mulheres. Entretanto, ao se delinear o percurso histórico da área, observou-se que inicialmente a profissão de bibliotecária/o foi protagonizada por homens devido à forte influência europeia que permeava a sociedade brasileira no decorrer do período colonial e republicano. Este aspecto agiu diretamente nas disciplinas ministradas e no público alvo do primeiro curso de Biblioteconomia do país, criado pela Biblioteca Nacional no Rio de Janeiro em 1911. Assim, compreendeu-se como temática central “quando a Biblioteconomia brasileira se tornou uma escolha profissional para mulheres”. Para tanto, adotou-se uma abordagem qualitativa com objetivos exploratórios e procedimentos bibliográficos, documentais e históricos como modo de atingir o objetivo geral de evidenciar a presença de mulheres no percurso histórico da Biblioteconomia brasileira; e os objetivos específicos: a) Analisar a proporção de mulheres nas primeiras décadas de oferecimento do curso de Biblioteconomia do Rio de Janeiro (1911) e de São Paulo (1930); b) Destacar a participação e os cargos ocupados por mulheres na fundação de Escolas e Cursos, Associações, Órgãos de Classe e Sindicatos relacionados à Biblioteconomia no período de 1930 a 1970; c) Buscar e analisar quais os fatores que favoreceram para que a Biblioteconomia brasileira se consagrasse como uma profissão feminizada. Obteve-se como resultado que a Biblioteconomia se estabeleceu como escolha profissional para mulheres a partir de 1929 por intermédio do Mackenzie College em São Paulo, instituição esta que habilitou Adelpha Figueiredo, primeira mulher graduada em Biblioteconomia no Brasil, para organizar a biblioteca do Colégio e ministrar aulas no segundo curso profissionalizante em Biblioteconomia do país, tendo como enfoque a pragmática estadunidense. Concluiu-se que a partir deste momento, a profissão bibliotecária se consolidou como tecnicista, se aproximou do Magistério e foi inscrita no Setor Terciário da Economia, características estas que, segundo a ótica da Divisão Sexual do Trabalho, foram cruciais para que a profissão se consagre como feminizada. Além disto, notou-se uma escassez de documentos bibliográficos que tratassem das questões de gênero no âmbito da Biblioteconomia, visto que o fato de esta ser composta majoritariamente por mulheres representa a dificuldade de legitimação da profissão perante a sociedade, sendo fundamental o investimento de pesquisas na temática.
It was assumed that contemporary Brazilian librarianship is part of the hall of feminized professions, since the 1930s the profession has concentrated a large number of women. However, when outlining the historical path of the area, it was observed that initially the profession of librarian was carried out by men due to the strong European influence that permeated Brazilian society during the colonial and republican period. This aspect acted directly in the disciplines taught and in the target audience of the country's first Library Science course, created by the National Library in Rio de Janeiro in 1911. Thus, it was understood as a central theme “when Brazilian Library Science became a professional choice for women”. To this end, a qualitative approach was adopted with exploratory objectives and bibliographic, documentary and historical procedures as a way to achieve the general objective of evidencing the presence of women in the historical path of Brazilian Library Science; and the specific objectives: a) To analyze the proportion of women in the first decades of offering the Librarianship course in Rio de Janeiro (1911) and São Paulo (1930); b) Highlight the participation and positions held by women in the foundation of Schools and Courses, Associations, Class Bodies and Unions related to Library Science in the period from 1930 to 1970; c) Search and analyze which factors favored the Brazilian Librarianship to become a feminized profession. As a result, Library Science was established as a professional choice for women from 1929 through Mackenzie College in São Paulo, which enabled Adelpha Figueiredo, the first woman graduated in Library Science in Brazil, to organize the library of the College and teach classes in the second professional course in Librarianship in the country, focusing on American pragmatics. It was concluded that, from this moment on, the librarian profession consolidated itself as a technician, approached the teaching profession and was enrolled in the Tertiary Sector of the Economy, characteristics that, according to the perspective of the Sexual Division of Labor, were crucial for the profession to become consecrate as feminized. In addition, there was a scarcity of bibliographic documents dealing with gender issues in the scope of Librarianship, since the fact that it is composed mainly of women represents the difficulty of legitimizing the profession before society and invest in research on this topic.
It was assumed that contemporary Brazilian librarianship is part of the hall of feminized professions, since the 1930s the profession has concentrated a large number of women. However, when outlining the historical path of the area, it was observed that initially the profession of librarian was carried out by men due to the strong European influence that permeated Brazilian society during the colonial and republican period. This aspect acted directly in the disciplines taught and in the target audience of the country's first Library Science course, created by the National Library in Rio de Janeiro in 1911. Thus, it was understood as a central theme “when Brazilian Library Science became a professional choice for women”. To this end, a qualitative approach was adopted with exploratory objectives and bibliographic, documentary and historical procedures as a way to achieve the general objective of evidencing the presence of women in the historical path of Brazilian Library Science; and the specific objectives: a) To analyze the proportion of women in the first decades of offering the Librarianship course in Rio de Janeiro (1911) and São Paulo (1930); b) Highlight the participation and positions held by women in the foundation of Schools and Courses, Associations, Class Bodies and Unions related to Library Science in the period from 1930 to 1970; c) Search and analyze which factors favored the Brazilian Librarianship to become a feminized profession. As a result, Library Science was established as a professional choice for women from 1929 through Mackenzie College in São Paulo, which enabled Adelpha Figueiredo, the first woman graduated in Library Science in Brazil, to organize the library of the College and teach classes in the second professional course in Librarianship in the country, focusing on American pragmatics. It was concluded that, from this moment on, the librarian profession consolidated itself as a technician, approached the teaching profession and was enrolled in the Tertiary Sector of the Economy, characteristics that, according to the perspective of the Sexual Division of Labor, were crucial for the profession to become consecrate as feminized. In addition, there was a scarcity of bibliographic documents dealing with gender issues in the scope of Librarianship, since the fact that it is composed mainly of women represents the difficulty of legitimizing the profession before society and invest in research on this topic.
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Palavras-chave
História da biblioteconomia, Mulheres na biblioteconomia, Biblioteconomia brasileira, Divisão sexual do trabalho, Profissões feminizadas, History of library science, Women in library science, Brazilian librarianship, Sexual division of labor, Feminized ocuppations