Identificação dos pilares e fatores críticos na gestão de resíduos sólidos: instrumento para benchmarking a partir de casos no estado de São Paulo
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Data
2020-07-14
Autores
Espuny, Maximilian
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A população nas áreas urbanas está acima de 50% e atualmente os habitantes têm a maior participação pelas emissões globais dos gases de efeito estufa. A estimativa mundial de produção de resíduos sólidos anuais é de 190 milhões de toneladas. A importância da gestão de resíduos sólidos para a saúde pública e para a mitigação de impactos ambientais tem se refletido no crescimento significativo de publicações sobre o tema na literatura científica. Com isso, objetivo geral desta pesquisa é propor diretrizes para o desenvolvimento dos pilares da gestão de resíduos sólidos, com o intuito de equacionar de forma mais eficiente os fatores críticos ambientais causados pelo manejo inadequado de resíduos. Para viabilizar a proposição das diretrizes, sistematizou-se os pilares da gestão de resíduos sólidos; e realizou-se estudos de casos em cinco municípios do estado de São Paulo com os melhores desempenhos ambientais, de forma a subsidiar as diretrizes. Os pilares organizados conforme a revisão bibliográfica foram: Gestão Pública, Políticas Públicas, Soluções Ambientais e Triple Bottom Line. O método desta pesquisa foi o de estudos de casos múltiplos e para a escolha dos municípios utilizou-se como indicador o Índice de Sustentabilidade e Limpeza Urbana, que demonstra o nível de adesão dos municípios brasileiros à Lei Federal no 12.305/10. Após a realização dos cinco estudos de casos previstos, identificou-se e sistematizou-se as principais boas práticas e dificuldades a partir da literatura. Quanto às contribuições da pesquisa, foram elaboradas 43 diretrizes distribuídas nos quatro pilares estruturados.
The population in urban areas is over 50% and today the inhabitants have the largest share of global greenhouse gas emissions. The world's estimated annual solid waste production is 190 million tonnes. The importance of solid waste management for public health and the mitigation of environmental impacts has been reflected in the significant growth of publications on the subject in the scientific literature. Therefore, the general objective of this research is to propose guidelines for the development of solid waste management pillars to more efficiently equating the critical environmental factors caused by improper waste management. To make the guidelines proposition feasible, the solid waste management pillars were systematized; and case studies were conducted in five municipalities in the state of São Paulo with the best environmental performances, to subsidize the guidelines. The pillars organized according to the literature review were: Public Management, Public Policies, Environmental Solutions, and Triple Bottom Line. The method of this research was that of multiple case studies and for the choice of municipalities, the Sustainability and Urban Cleaning Index was used as an indicator, which demonstrates the level of adherence of Brazilian municipalities to Federal Law no. 12,305/10. After carrying out the five case studies foreseen, the main good practices and difficulties were identified and systematized from the literature. As for the contributions of the research, 43 guidelines were elaborated distributed in the four structured pillars.
The population in urban areas is over 50% and today the inhabitants have the largest share of global greenhouse gas emissions. The world's estimated annual solid waste production is 190 million tonnes. The importance of solid waste management for public health and the mitigation of environmental impacts has been reflected in the significant growth of publications on the subject in the scientific literature. Therefore, the general objective of this research is to propose guidelines for the development of solid waste management pillars to more efficiently equating the critical environmental factors caused by improper waste management. To make the guidelines proposition feasible, the solid waste management pillars were systematized; and case studies were conducted in five municipalities in the state of São Paulo with the best environmental performances, to subsidize the guidelines. The pillars organized according to the literature review were: Public Management, Public Policies, Environmental Solutions, and Triple Bottom Line. The method of this research was that of multiple case studies and for the choice of municipalities, the Sustainability and Urban Cleaning Index was used as an indicator, which demonstrates the level of adherence of Brazilian municipalities to Federal Law no. 12,305/10. After carrying out the five case studies foreseen, the main good practices and difficulties were identified and systematized from the literature. As for the contributions of the research, 43 guidelines were elaborated distributed in the four structured pillars.
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Gestão de resíduos sólidos, Diretrizes, Impacto ambiental, Estado de São Paulo, Estudo de Caso, Solid waste management, Guidelines, Environmental impact, State of São Paulo, Case Study, Resíduos industriais, Gestão da qualidade total, Desenvolvimento sustentável