Política de uso do solo nos municípios da região administrativa de ribeirão preto
Carregando...
Data
2020-09-14
Autores
Oliveira, Laís Caroline Marianno de [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A expansão urbana é um fenômeno mundial que tem sido intensificado com o aumento populacional. Esse processo ocasiona impactos no meio ambiente e alteração do uso do solo, trazendo insegurança alimentar e hídrica. O aumento populacional intensifica os processos de urbanização e traz alta demanda por alimentos, fibras, água e energia ocasionando maior pressão sobre os recursos naturais, criando desafios entre os ambientes naturais e antrópicos. O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar a dinâmica de redução do espaço rural devido à expansão urbana, no intuito de auxiliar os tomadores de decisão no que tange ao planejamento de uso e ocupação do solo. Técnicas de interpretação visual de imagens orbitais em ambientes de sistema de informação geográfica foram utilizadas para vetorizar a área urbana, identificado no padrão de pixels, formado a partir das características espectrais da imagem, referente a área e os vetores anuais analisados em relação ao seus tamanhos e padrões de dispersão. O Índice de Ocupação Territorial, que indica a porcentagem de área rural e área urbana do município foi calculado. Os vetores da expansão indicam que ocorre uma extensa área com cobertura urbana em detrimento à ocupação do solo com cobertura vegetal natural com função ecológica e ambientalmente protegida por lei. Nas áreas agricultáveis foi observado a falta de planejamento no ordenamento territorial, o que ocasiona redução de produção de alimentos e perda econômica no setor agrícola regional. O estudo evidencia a necessidade do planejamento nos espaços urbano e rural e indica soluções inclusivas de como manejar a integração urbano/rural, de modo a beneficiar a sociedade na melhoria do ordenamento e ocasionar menores impactos ambientais.
The changes in land use in rural areas resulting from reduction of the extension of rural areas due to territorial development of urban areas in the municipal political division have caused the development of non-agricultural activities, which have been a challenge for sustainable development and for water and food security. The population increase intensifies the urbanization processes and brings high demand for food, fibers, water and energy, causing greater pressure on natural resources, creating challenges between natural and man-made environments. The objective of the present work was to analyze the dynamics of reduction of rural space due to urban expansion in order to assist decision makers regard to land use land cover planning. Visual interpretation techniques of orbital images in geographic information system environments were used to vectorize the urban area, identified by pixel pattern, formed from spectral characteristics of image, referring to area and annual vectors analyzed in relation to sizes and dispersion patterns. The Territorial Occupation Index, which indicates the percentage of rural and urban areas in each municipality was calculated. The vectors of urban expansion indicate that areas that should be protected are covered by urban zones. There is a lack of planning in agricultural areas, which leads to reduced food production and economic loss in the regional agricultural sector. The study highlighted the necessity for planning action in urban and rural spaces and indicates inclusive solutions on how to manage urban/rural integration, in order to benefit society in improving planning and causing lesser environmental impacts.
The changes in land use in rural areas resulting from reduction of the extension of rural areas due to territorial development of urban areas in the municipal political division have caused the development of non-agricultural activities, which have been a challenge for sustainable development and for water and food security. The population increase intensifies the urbanization processes and brings high demand for food, fibers, water and energy, causing greater pressure on natural resources, creating challenges between natural and man-made environments. The objective of the present work was to analyze the dynamics of reduction of rural space due to urban expansion in order to assist decision makers regard to land use land cover planning. Visual interpretation techniques of orbital images in geographic information system environments were used to vectorize the urban area, identified by pixel pattern, formed from spectral characteristics of image, referring to area and annual vectors analyzed in relation to sizes and dispersion patterns. The Territorial Occupation Index, which indicates the percentage of rural and urban areas in each municipality was calculated. The vectors of urban expansion indicate that areas that should be protected are covered by urban zones. There is a lack of planning in agricultural areas, which leads to reduced food production and economic loss in the regional agricultural sector. The study highlighted the necessity for planning action in urban and rural spaces and indicates inclusive solutions on how to manage urban/rural integration, in order to benefit society in improving planning and causing lesser environmental impacts.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Ocupação do solo não-agrícola, Expansão urbana, Segurança alimentar e hídrica, Agricultura urbana