Modelagem fuzzy da produção e nutrição da soja no plantio direto utilizando doses de molibdênio via foliar e nitrogênio
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Data
2020-10-29
Autores
Goes, Bruno César
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A soja é considerada uma das principais culturas do agronegócio brasileiro, sendo na sua maioria utilizada para a fabricação de ração, muito embora, haja um crescimento de seu uso na alimentação humana, como para a produção de biocombustíveis. Devido à grande extensão da área destinada à produção da soja, seu plantio ocorre sob uma grande diversidade de solos e climas, característicos do Brasil, proporcionando diferentes condições edafoclimáticas, interferindo diretamente na produtividade da cultura da soja. Desse modo, é de interesse a utilização da manutenção da palhada de coberturas vegetais proporcionando o aumento do teor nutricional do solo além de reduzir a perda de água pelo processo de evaporação, melhorando o armazenamento de água e nutrientes no solo. O Sistema Plantio Direto (SPD) é uma tecnologia que tem por característica a ocupação permanente do terreno agrícola por meio de culturas vegetais, no qual é feito o plantio sobre a palhada da cobertura vegetal da cultura antecessora. Nesse sentido, o milheto, assim como o sorgo é uma cultura muito utilizada como cobertura vegetal por ter como características, o rápido desenvolvimento mesmo sob condições de déficit hídrico, além de possuir o sistema radicular profundo possibilitando na alta capacidade de extração de nutrientes e do volume de produção de palhada. Nesse sentido, é usual a realização de experimentos agronômicos, no qual busca-se aferir estatisticamente o comportamento de culturas vegetais em relação à causas e efeitos visando a otimização dos recursos em experimentação. A técnica da lógica fuzzy, baseia-se na habilidade de modular e expressar o raciocínio humano de maneira simplificada e compreensível, em áreas, nas quais são tratadas informações imprecisas, assim como ocorrem nos experimentos agronômicos. Sendo assim, com base no experimento realizado, em que consistiu na utilização da cultura da soja sob diferentes doses de molibdênio com aplicação via folar e cultivada sob a cobertura vegetal de milheto e sorgo sob diferentes doses de nitrogênio em SPD, buscou-se realizar a modelagem fuzzy dos efeitos em relação às variáveis biométricas, nutricionais e de produtividade dos grãos de soja. Dessa maneira, foram considerados satisfatórios a realização da modelagem matemática fuzzy para expressar o comportamento das variáveis de produtividade, biométricas e nutricionais sob diferentes dosagens de nitrogênio aplicada em cobertura vegetal de milheto e sorgo diferentes níveis de molibdênio aplicado via foliar na cultua da soja em sucessão. E, portanto, as superfícies tridimensionais permitem analisar o comportamento simultaneamente das variáveis analisadas em função da variação dos fatores condicionantes, nitrogênio e molibdênio.
Soybean is one of the main crops of Brazilian agribusiness, being mostly used for the manufacture for animal feeding, although there is a growth of its use in human food, as well as for the production of biofuels. Due to the large extension of the area destined to soy production, this causes its planting to occur under a great diversity of soils and climates, characteristic of Brazil, providing different edaphoclimatic conditions, directly interfering with soybean crop productivity. Thus, it is of interest to use the mulching of mulches, increasing the nutritional content of the soil and reducing water loss through the evaporation process, improving the storage of water and nutrients in the soil. No-Tillage System (NTS) is a technology wich has the permanent occupation of the agricultural land by means of plant crops, which is planted on the mulch of the predecessor crop. In this sense, millet, as well as sorghum is a crop widely used as vegetation cover because of its characteristics, the rapid development even under water deficit conditions, besides having a deep root system allowing in the high capacity of extraction of nutrients and straw production volume. In this sense, it is usual to carry out agronomic experiments, which seeks to statistically assess the behavior of plant crops in relation to causes and effects in order to optimize the resources under experimentation. The technique of fuzzy logic is based on the ability to modulate and express human reasoning in a simplified and understandable manner, in areas where inaccurate information is treated, as occurs in agronomic experiments. Thus, based on the experiment, which consisted of the use of soybean under different doses of molybdenum with application via folar and grown under the cover of millet and sorghum under different doses of nitrogen in NTS, the aim was to perform the modeling. effects in relation to biometric, nutritional and yield variables of soybeans. Thus, fuzzy mathematical modeling was considered satisfactory to express the behavior of productivity, biometric and nutritional variables under different dosages of nitrogen applied in millet and sorghum cover, different levels of foliar molybdenum applied to soybean crop in succession. Therefore, the three-dimensional surfaces allow to analyze the behavior of the analyzed variables simultaneously as a function of the variation of the conditioning factors, nitrogen and molybdenum.
Soybean is one of the main crops of Brazilian agribusiness, being mostly used for the manufacture for animal feeding, although there is a growth of its use in human food, as well as for the production of biofuels. Due to the large extension of the area destined to soy production, this causes its planting to occur under a great diversity of soils and climates, characteristic of Brazil, providing different edaphoclimatic conditions, directly interfering with soybean crop productivity. Thus, it is of interest to use the mulching of mulches, increasing the nutritional content of the soil and reducing water loss through the evaporation process, improving the storage of water and nutrients in the soil. No-Tillage System (NTS) is a technology wich has the permanent occupation of the agricultural land by means of plant crops, which is planted on the mulch of the predecessor crop. In this sense, millet, as well as sorghum is a crop widely used as vegetation cover because of its characteristics, the rapid development even under water deficit conditions, besides having a deep root system allowing in the high capacity of extraction of nutrients and straw production volume. In this sense, it is usual to carry out agronomic experiments, which seeks to statistically assess the behavior of plant crops in relation to causes and effects in order to optimize the resources under experimentation. The technique of fuzzy logic is based on the ability to modulate and express human reasoning in a simplified and understandable manner, in areas where inaccurate information is treated, as occurs in agronomic experiments. Thus, based on the experiment, which consisted of the use of soybean under different doses of molybdenum with application via folar and grown under the cover of millet and sorghum under different doses of nitrogen in NTS, the aim was to perform the modeling. effects in relation to biometric, nutritional and yield variables of soybeans. Thus, fuzzy mathematical modeling was considered satisfactory to express the behavior of productivity, biometric and nutritional variables under different dosages of nitrogen applied in millet and sorghum cover, different levels of foliar molybdenum applied to soybean crop in succession. Therefore, the three-dimensional surfaces allow to analyze the behavior of the analyzed variables simultaneously as a function of the variation of the conditioning factors, nitrogen and molybdenum.
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Palavras-chave
Lógica Fuzzy, Cobertura Vegetal, Modelagem Matemática, Fuzzy Logic