Formação geológica e pastagens degradadas no município de Veríssimo-MG
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Data
2020-10-08
Autores
Rosa, Aline Rombega Tito [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A degradação de pastagens é um problema ambiental global que requer mitigação, em vista a restauração. Nesta perspectiva, é imprescindível a identificação e mapeamento preciso destas áreas. Assim, o sensoriamento remoto torna-se protagonista no processo de diagnóstico, por ser um método eficiente e econômico. Portanto, foi utilizada no estudo abordagem aprimorada no diagnóstico de áreas de pastagens degradadas e qualidade dos solos baseada em NDVI na Bacia do Rio Uberaba, Veríssimo (Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil). O método mostrou-se eficiente no diagnóstico e mapeamento de aproximadamente 387 km2 de áreas de pastagens, sendo 162,1 km2 de pastos sadios e 224,9 km2 de pastos degradados. A caracterização do nível de degradação das pastagens revelou expressivo declínio da matéria e carbono orgânica e do pH, com aumento da concentração de alumínio trocável e da acidez potencial. Em decorrência, foi evidenciada redução de macronutrientes e da macroporosidade, comprometendo a adequada aeração, permeabilidade e armazenamento de água dos solos das áreas com presença de degradação, nas formações Marília (210,5 km2), Serra Geral (6,05 km2) e Uberaba (8,4 km2). Os resultados em sua maioria são fortes o suficiente para servir como alerta a todo população e às autoridades ambientais sobre a importância do controle e mitigação, em vista a prevenção e recuperação da qualidade dos solos das áreas de pastagem, em especial no bioma Cerrado.
Pasture degradation is a global environmental problem that requires mitigation in view of restoration. In this perspective, it is essential to identify and accurately map these areas. Thus, remote sensing becomes a protagonist in the diagnostic process, as it is an efficient and economical method. Therefore, an improved approach was used in the study to diagnose degraded pasture areas and soil quality based on NDVI in the Uberaba River Basin, Veríssimo (State Minas Gerais, Brazil). The method proved to be efficient in the diagnosis and mapping of approximately 387 km2 of pasture areas, in the Uberaba River Basin, with 162.1 km2 of healthy pastures and 224.9 km2 of pastures degraded. The characterization of the level of degradation of pastures revealed a significant decline in matter and organic carbon and pH, with an increase in the concentration of exchangeable aluminum and potential acidity. As a result, a reduction in macronutrients and macroporosity was observed, compromising adequate aeration, permeability and storage of soil water in areas with the presence of degradation, in the Marília (210.5 km2), Serra Geral (6.05 km2) and Uberaba (8.4 km2). The results are strong enough to serve as a warning to the entire population and to environmental authorities about the importance of control and mitigation, in view of the prevention and recovery of soil quality in pasture areas, especially in the Cerrado biome.
Pasture degradation is a global environmental problem that requires mitigation in view of restoration. In this perspective, it is essential to identify and accurately map these areas. Thus, remote sensing becomes a protagonist in the diagnostic process, as it is an efficient and economical method. Therefore, an improved approach was used in the study to diagnose degraded pasture areas and soil quality based on NDVI in the Uberaba River Basin, Veríssimo (State Minas Gerais, Brazil). The method proved to be efficient in the diagnosis and mapping of approximately 387 km2 of pasture areas, in the Uberaba River Basin, with 162.1 km2 of healthy pastures and 224.9 km2 of pastures degraded. The characterization of the level of degradation of pastures revealed a significant decline in matter and organic carbon and pH, with an increase in the concentration of exchangeable aluminum and potential acidity. As a result, a reduction in macronutrients and macroporosity was observed, compromising adequate aeration, permeability and storage of soil water in areas with the presence of degradation, in the Marília (210.5 km2), Serra Geral (6.05 km2) and Uberaba (8.4 km2). The results are strong enough to serve as a warning to the entire population and to environmental authorities about the importance of control and mitigation, in view of the prevention and recovery of soil quality in pasture areas, especially in the Cerrado biome.
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NDVI, Sensoriamento Remoto, Pastagem, Solo Degradado