Overreaching funcional pode limitar as melhorias de performance no polo aquático
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Data
2020-12-17
Autores
Brisola, Gabriel Motta Pinheiro
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O objetivo principal do presente projeto foi verificar se a ocorrência do estado de overreaching funcional (OR-F) previamente ao período de tapering pode limitar os ganhos de performance no polo aquático. Para isso, foram realizados dois estudos (estudo 1 e 2), sendo o que o objetivo do estudo 1 foi monitorar as cargas de treinamento durante um macrociclo de 20 semanas no polo aquático, enquanto que o objetivo do estudo (2) foi investigar se o estado de OR-F pode limitar a supercompensação de parâmetros de performance após o período de tapering em atletas de polo aquático. Em ambos os estudos, foram participantes jovens atletas de polo aquático do sexo feminino da mesma equipe (20 atletas no estudo 1 e 22 atletas no estudo 2). No estudo 1, o desenho experimental foi prospectivo com duração de 20 semanas, com avaliações de performance física (teste de lactato mínimo em nado estilo crawl e teste de habilidade de sprints repetidos [RSA]), de parâmetros do sistema nervoso autônomo (variabilidade da frequência cardíaca), de variáveis hormonais (cortisol e testosterona), de variáveis imunológicas (glutamina e imunoglobulina A), de variáveis de dano muscular (creatina quinase e lactato desidrogenase), de estado de humor e de sintomas de infecção do trato respiratório superior (ITRS) na linha de base e ao final de cada um dos ciclos de um macrociclo no polo aquático. No estudo 2, o desenho experimental foi randomizado e paralelo, no qual dois grupos treinaram com cargas diferentes (intensificação e controle) por 7 semanas e realizaram as mesmas avaliações do estudo 1, sendo ainda realizado o diagnóstico de OR-F ao final do período de intensificação. Os resultados do estudo 1 mostraram que as maiores cargas de treinamento foram encontradas no ciclo competitivo (p<0,001), simultaneamente com os menores ganhos de performance. O estudo 2 encontrou menores melhorias no tempo total do teste de RSA para o grupo diagnosticado com OR-F em comparação com as atletas que treinaram com carga alta sem o acometimento desse estado (p=0,004). Assim, é possível concluir que o acometimento do estado de OR-F previamente ao período de tapering pode limitar as melhorias de performance do tempo total no teste de RSA em jovens atletas de polo aquático.
The main objective of this project was to verify whether the functional overreaching state (FOR) prior to the tapering period can impair the performance gains in the water polo. For this, two studies were carried out (study 1 and 2): the purpose of study 1 was to monitor training loads during a 20-week macrocycle in the water polo, while the objective of study (2) was to investigate whether the OR-F can limit the supercompensation of performance parameters after the tapering period in water polo athletes. In both studies, young female water polo athletes from the same team participated (20 athletes in study 1 and 22 athletes in study 2). In study 1, the experimental design was prospective for 20 weeks, with assessments of physical performance (minimum lactate test and repeated sprint ability test [RSA]), autonomic nervous system parameters (variability of heart rate), hormonal variables (cortisol and testosterone), immunological variables (glutamine and immunoglobulin A), muscle damage variables (creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase), mood and symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) at the baseline and at the end of each period of a macrocycle in the water polo. In study 2, the experimental design was randomized and parallel, in which two groups trained with different loads (high load and control) for 7 weeks and performed the same assessments as in study 1, with the diagnosis of OR-F still being carried out at the end overload period. The results of study 1 showed that the highest training loads were found in the competitive cycle (p <0.001), simultaneously with the lowest performance gains. Study 2 found lower improvements in the total time of RSA test for the F-OR group in comparison with the athletes who trained with high load without the development of this state (p = 0.004). It is possible to conclude that the F-OR state prior to the tapering period may impair the performance improvements of the total time in the RSA test in young water polo athletes
The main objective of this project was to verify whether the functional overreaching state (FOR) prior to the tapering period can impair the performance gains in the water polo. For this, two studies were carried out (study 1 and 2): the purpose of study 1 was to monitor training loads during a 20-week macrocycle in the water polo, while the objective of study (2) was to investigate whether the OR-F can limit the supercompensation of performance parameters after the tapering period in water polo athletes. In both studies, young female water polo athletes from the same team participated (20 athletes in study 1 and 22 athletes in study 2). In study 1, the experimental design was prospective for 20 weeks, with assessments of physical performance (minimum lactate test and repeated sprint ability test [RSA]), autonomic nervous system parameters (variability of heart rate), hormonal variables (cortisol and testosterone), immunological variables (glutamine and immunoglobulin A), muscle damage variables (creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase), mood and symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) at the baseline and at the end of each period of a macrocycle in the water polo. In study 2, the experimental design was randomized and parallel, in which two groups trained with different loads (high load and control) for 7 weeks and performed the same assessments as in study 1, with the diagnosis of OR-F still being carried out at the end overload period. The results of study 1 showed that the highest training loads were found in the competitive cycle (p <0.001), simultaneously with the lowest performance gains. Study 2 found lower improvements in the total time of RSA test for the F-OR group in comparison with the athletes who trained with high load without the development of this state (p = 0.004). It is possible to conclude that the F-OR state prior to the tapering period may impair the performance improvements of the total time in the RSA test in young water polo athletes
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Palavras-chave
Carga de treino, Esporte coletivo, Habilidade de sprints repetidos, Supercompensação, Training load, Team sport, Repeated sprints ability, Super-compensation