Caracterização genética e diferentes condições de cultivo em Agaricus subrufescens
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Data
2021-02-18
Autores
Vieira Junior, Wagner Gonçalves
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A espécie Agaricus subrufescens, popularmente conhecido como cogumelo do sol, é cultivado em vários locais do mundo, porém ainda em pequena escala, comparando com a produção de outros cogumelos. A espécie é originária do Brasil e, até os tempos atuais, é produzida por intermédio de adaptações de tecnologias provindas do cultivo de outras espécies, consequentemente a espécie possui em sua maioria um baixo rendimento e longo período de cultivo. Assim, este trabalho aborda quais são os principais processos que influenciam o comportamento agronômico (produtividade, número e massa de cogumelos, tempo para o primeiro fluxo e precocidade) do produto final. Para isso, avaliou-se a influência de distintas linhagens, partindo de um cultivo à campo (baixo nível tecnológico) até um cultivo em câmara climática, específica para a produção de cogumelos (alto nível tecnológico), a qual em ambas as situações o produto avaliado foi o cogumelo. Foi realizado também a caracterização genética das linhagens, através da taxa de polimorfismo da região ITS. Neste trabalho foi encontradas linhagens de ITS tipo A (ABL 03/44 e ABL 16/01) e tipo A/B (ABL 04/49, ABL 98/11, ABL 18/01, ABL 19/01 e ABL CS7), que é uma característica de linhagens encontradas nas Américas e Europa. A maioria das linhagens não apresentaram taxa de polimorfismos. A linhagem ABL CS7 quando cultivada a campo apresentou produtividade (20,95%) próxima a encontrada em câmara climática, porém dos sete meses estudados apenas dois foram considerados eficientes (maio e junho). Os principais limitantes são as condições ambientais desfavoráveis. O cultivo em câmara climática apresentou maiores rendimentos, sendo a linhagem ABL 19/01 a mais produtiva com 21,69%. O cultivo em câmaras climáticas pode possibilitar a condução de até 4 ciclos durante o ano, por conta de todas condições serem controladas. Em ambos os cultivos, a escolha da linhagem é fundamental para altos rendimentos.
The species Agaricus subrufescens, popularly known as the sun mushroom, is cultivated in several places around the world, but still on a small scale, compared to the production of other mushrooms. The species is originally from Brazil and, up to the present time, it is produced through adaptations of technologies from the cultivation of other species, consequently the species has mostly a low yield and a long period of cultivation. Thus, this work addresses which are the main processes that influence the agronomic behavior (productivity, number and mass of mushrooms, time for the first flow and precocity) of the final product. For this, the influence of different strains was evaluated, starting from a field cultivation (low technological level) to a climatic chamber cultivation, specific for the production of mushrooms (high technological level), which in both situations the product evaluated was the mushroom. The genetic characterization of the strains was also carried out through the polymorphism rate of the ITS region. In this work, ITS strains type A (ABL 03/44 and ABL 16/01) and type A / B (ABL 04/49, ABL 98/11, ABL 18/01, ABL 19/01 and ABL CS7) were found, which is a characteristic of strains found in the Americas and Europe. Most strains did not show a polymorphism rate. The strain ABL CS7 when cultivated in the field showed productivity (20.95%) close to that found in the climatic chamber, however, of the seven months studied, only two were considered efficient (May and June). The main limitations are unfavorable environmental conditions. The cultivation in climatic chamber showed higher yields, with the ABL 19/01 strain being the most productive with 21.69%. Cultivation in climatic chambers can allow up to 4 cycles to be conducted during the year, due to all conditions being controlled. In both crops, the choice of lineage is essential for high yields.
The species Agaricus subrufescens, popularly known as the sun mushroom, is cultivated in several places around the world, but still on a small scale, compared to the production of other mushrooms. The species is originally from Brazil and, up to the present time, it is produced through adaptations of technologies from the cultivation of other species, consequently the species has mostly a low yield and a long period of cultivation. Thus, this work addresses which are the main processes that influence the agronomic behavior (productivity, number and mass of mushrooms, time for the first flow and precocity) of the final product. For this, the influence of different strains was evaluated, starting from a field cultivation (low technological level) to a climatic chamber cultivation, specific for the production of mushrooms (high technological level), which in both situations the product evaluated was the mushroom. The genetic characterization of the strains was also carried out through the polymorphism rate of the ITS region. In this work, ITS strains type A (ABL 03/44 and ABL 16/01) and type A / B (ABL 04/49, ABL 98/11, ABL 18/01, ABL 19/01 and ABL CS7) were found, which is a characteristic of strains found in the Americas and Europe. Most strains did not show a polymorphism rate. The strain ABL CS7 when cultivated in the field showed productivity (20.95%) close to that found in the climatic chamber, however, of the seven months studied, only two were considered efficient (May and June). The main limitations are unfavorable environmental conditions. The cultivation in climatic chamber showed higher yields, with the ABL 19/01 strain being the most productive with 21.69%. Cultivation in climatic chambers can allow up to 4 cycles to be conducted during the year, due to all conditions being controlled. In both crops, the choice of lineage is essential for high yields.
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Palavras-chave
Cogumelos cultivo, Fungos morfologia, Micologia, Microbiologia agrícola