Diagnóstico da qualidade da água do rio Paraná em Aparecida do Taboado - MS
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Data
2021-01-26
Autores
Ribeiro, Natasha Ulhiana Ferreira
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A redução da disponibilidade quali-quantitativa da água no mundo relaciona-se diretamente a diversas atividades antrópicas, entre elas o despejo de efluentes sanitários nos recursos hídricos. Desta forma, é importante realizar o monitoramento da qualidade das águas por meio de parâmetros físicos, químicos e biológicos como ferramenta para a gestão hídrica. O rio Paraná, localizado na sub-bacia do Rio Grande, no município de Aparecida do Taboado – MS, recentemente começou a receber efluentes da Estação de Tratamento de Esgoto da cidade. O emissário está inserido em área de balneabilidade próxima a ranchos. Neste contexto, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo monitorar a qualidade da água do rio Paraná antes do início do lançamento de esgotos tratados, permitindo avaliar o seu futuro impacto. As coletas foram realizadas em quatro pontos amostrais, com periodicidade mensal, de agosto de 2019 a fevereiro de 2020. Foi utilizado o Índice de Qualidade das Águas (IQACETESB). Os parâmetros avaliados foram: pH, temperatura, oxigênio dissolvido (OD), turbidez, demanda bioquímica de oxigênio (DBO), nitrogênio total, fósforo total (PT), Escherichia coli e sólidos totais (ST). A água do rio Paraná apresentou boa qualidade em todos os meses monitorados (72 ≤ IQACETESB ≤ 91) e melhora no período de estiagem. A maioria das amostras em relação aos parâmetros turbidez, ST, pH, OD e Escherichia coli estiveram em concordância com o estabelecido pela Resolução CONAMA n° 357/05. No entanto, 57% e 61% não atenderam à legislação para DBO e PT, respectivamente, explicado pela grande quantidade de bovinos no entorno do rio. Não foi encontrado Escherichia coli nas amostras, resultado importante por se tratar de uma área de balneabilidade. O lançamento de efluentes sanitários tratados pode propiciar a piora na qualidade da água, sobretudo interferir nas atividades de recreação de contato primário, importantes para a economia local. Recomenda-se o monitoramento da qualidade da água do rio Paraná posteriormente ao lançamento.
The reduction in the qualitative and quantitative availability of water in the world is directly related to several anthropic activities, among them the discharge of sanitary effluents in the water resources. Thus, it is important to carry out water quality monitoring through physical, chemical, and biological parameters as a tool for water management. The Paraná River, located in the Rio Grande sub-basin, in the municipality of Aparecida do Taboado - MS, recently started receiving effluents from the city's Wastewater Treatment Plant. The emissary is inserted in a bathing area close to ranches. In this context, the present research aimed to monitor the water quality of the Paraná River before the start of the release of treated sewage, allowing the evaluation of its future impact. The samplings were carried out at four points, monthly, from August 2019 to February 2020. The Water Quality Index (WQICETESB) was used. The parameters evaluated were: pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), turbidity, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total nitrogen, total phosphorus (TP), Escherichia coli and total solids (TS). The water from the Paraná River showed good quality in all monitored months (72 ≤ WQICETESB ≤ 91) and improved during the dry season. Most of the samples concerning the parameters turbidity, TS, pH, DO and Escherichia coli were in agreement with what was established by CONAMA Resolution n° 357/05. However, 57% and 61% did not comply with the legislation for BOD and TP, respectively, explained by a large number of cattle around the river. Escherichia coli was not found in the samples, an important result because it is a bathing area. The release of treated sanitary effluents can lead to worsening water quality, especially interfering with primary contact recreation activities, which are important for the local economy. Monitoring the water quality of the Paraná River is recommended after the release.
The reduction in the qualitative and quantitative availability of water in the world is directly related to several anthropic activities, among them the discharge of sanitary effluents in the water resources. Thus, it is important to carry out water quality monitoring through physical, chemical, and biological parameters as a tool for water management. The Paraná River, located in the Rio Grande sub-basin, in the municipality of Aparecida do Taboado - MS, recently started receiving effluents from the city's Wastewater Treatment Plant. The emissary is inserted in a bathing area close to ranches. In this context, the present research aimed to monitor the water quality of the Paraná River before the start of the release of treated sewage, allowing the evaluation of its future impact. The samplings were carried out at four points, monthly, from August 2019 to February 2020. The Water Quality Index (WQICETESB) was used. The parameters evaluated were: pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), turbidity, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total nitrogen, total phosphorus (TP), Escherichia coli and total solids (TS). The water from the Paraná River showed good quality in all monitored months (72 ≤ WQICETESB ≤ 91) and improved during the dry season. Most of the samples concerning the parameters turbidity, TS, pH, DO and Escherichia coli were in agreement with what was established by CONAMA Resolution n° 357/05. However, 57% and 61% did not comply with the legislation for BOD and TP, respectively, explained by a large number of cattle around the river. Escherichia coli was not found in the samples, an important result because it is a bathing area. The release of treated sanitary effluents can lead to worsening water quality, especially interfering with primary contact recreation activities, which are important for the local economy. Monitoring the water quality of the Paraná River is recommended after the release.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Índice de qualidade das águas, CONAMA 357, Efluentes domésticos, Balneabilidade, Poluição das águas, Water quality index, Domestic effluents, Bathing, Water pollution